


- 


LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 


PRINCETON, N. J. 





PURCHASED BY THE 
MARY CHEVES DULLES FUND 


\ | i 1 fut 
Division....AN6\ — \ 


Sectton....... YL seeed 5 











HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


OTHER BOOKS BY Ps  BURROG iS 


“Winning to Christ’”—A Study in Evangelism. 
“Old Testament Studies.” 

“The Present-Day Sunday School.” 

“Building a Successful Sunday School.” 

“A Complete Guide to Church Building,” etc. 





HOW TO PLAN 
CHURCH BUILDINGS 


By P. E. BURROUGHS 


Secretary of the Architectural Department of the 
Baptist Sunday School Board 





SUNDAY SCHOOL BOARD 
OF THE 
SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION 


Copyright 1926 
Sunday School Board 
Southern Baptist Convention 
Nashville, Tenn. 

All rights reserved 


Printed in the United States of America 


CONTENTS 


PART ONE—PRELIMINARY STEPS 


Pee NE MONUTCNPELICINDy act tee a ae tae fc vie ss a's Sia’ 9 
SIMU TOUTE Veli Sor eee en. lee oe ae oa ns ys ae 15 
III. How to Organize the Building Committee........ 19 
TVeweLlOws tO melect tne wATChiteehas =). fess wise se oes 23 
_V. How to Finance the New Building............... 29 


PART TWO—PLANNING THE BUILDING 


Nii OWatOer an sthewA UCIGOriUnis .. «. cos cn ees Was 6 39 
VII. How to Plan for the Sunday School.............. 49 
Wilt How to .Plan dor the Departments >. 2.4.20. ..... 59 
TOMER OWa OME ISTISIOL GC Glasses eo ts ane 8s wide. lsiare wos es 66 
X. How to Plan for Fellowship and Social Ministries. 71 
XI. How to Plan Administration Offices............. rir 
PPT emLTOWELO sl) Cnt) VOUTS ELATED et on ces See eh hare es ae 81 


PART THREE—TYPICAL BUILDING DESIGNS 
XIII. Building Designs for Churches and Sunday Schools 


armpering #1000710. 2000 =. ...6 tua as sac eee 85 
XIV. Building Designs for Churches and Sunday Schools 
Numbering 1000 to 2000—Continued .......... 104 
XV. Building Designs for Churches and Sunday Schools 
ReLOeTIN- S000 LOL0000 es ag ttanenaca ee) scold ete-s 139 
XVI. Building Designs for Churches and Sunday Schools 
ENG DErINg 2 U0. Oat OU0 elem tee eeeraie ec. salah 147 
XVII. Building Designs for Churches and Sunday Schools 





PeMVer ine OCU SOO Feet. fe nae haus eo cseae 32 166 





PART ONE—PRELIMINARY STEPS 


I. The Church Building 

Il. Preliminary Hints 
III. How to Organize the Building Committee 
IV. How to Select the Architect 

V. How to Finance the New Building 





HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 
1. 


THE CHURCH BUILDING 
Ate church building and the church! Water poured into 


a vessel assumes the shape of the vessel, becoming round 

or square or otherwise, according to the form of the re- 
ceiving vessel. Not so quickly and yet scarcely less really a 
congregation is influenced by the building which it occupies. By 
its spacious dimensions the building may challenge to larger 
“service; by its true lines and its noble proportions it may inspire 
sentiments of truth and nobility; by its thoughtful and appro- 
priate provisions it may set forward the efforts of earnest 
teachers and loyal workers; by its impressive dignity it may be 
a material aid to worship; by its noble and imposing exterior it 
may appeal to multitudes of passers-by. 

The church building and the preacher! Our buildings go 
far to make and unmake preachers. More than one minister has 
found in the building in which he stands to preach an indefinable 
up-pull, an inspiration and even a challenge to match the fine- 
ness and dignity of the building with a correspondingly sober 
and worthy presentation of the heavenly message. A preacher 
of rare charm and power has confessed his indebtedness to the 
auditorium in which he ministers, declaring that the great arch 
beneath which he has stood to preach, the graceful reaches and 
the fine architectural lines of the impressive audience room, are 
a ceaseless appeal to him to deliver worth-while messages in a 
worthy manner. We must have felt the disharmony which oc- 
casionally arises because the building in its dignity and worthi- 
ness is in contrast with the service which is conducted in it. 
Dr. Von Ogden Vogt, for example, says: “I happen to know 


[9] 


10 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


of one church which in all its proportions and details is singularly 
rich in Gothic feeling, but where the minister who conducts the 
service appears to be totally unaware of the sort of building he . 
is in.” Even so, the building may offer a consistent silent appeal 
which must have an unconscious influence. 

The church building and evangelism! Does the church build- 
ing have a bearing on evangelism? A seminary president who 
constantly stresses the winning of souls said to a building com- 
mittee which was planning a new church: ‘Build for evan- 
gelism; I have but one injunction, build for evangelism.” It 
would be interesting to know just what was in his mind. It is 
suggestive that eminent evangelists without exception give care- 
ful personal attention to the buildings in which they are to 
preach. No detail escapes them—light, ventilation, entrances, 
exits, the location of the choir, the width of the aisles, every 
detail has painstaking attention. The church building offers the 
natural and most effective base for evangelism, far better than 
tents or tabernacles or theatres or public halls. Before the 
plans for a new building have been finally approved, the build- 
ing committee may do well to raise the question, Have we 
planned for evangelism? 

The church building and fellowship! The modern church 
must serve the whole man and the very building must some- 
how express the purpose to minister to the social side as well 
as to other phases of the community’s need. We say fellowship 
because when “‘social life” is mentioned, there are those who think 
only of socials and entertainments. Fellowship is a great gospel 
word. The early Christians “continued in the apostles’ doctrine 
and fellowship and the breaking of bread.” Fellowship is of 
the essence of the gospel. The very building may inspire fellow- 
ship by its spacious porches and lobbies, its wide aisles, its in- 
viting atmosphere. Yes, and its kitchen! The story is told of a 
leading hotel in a Southern city which was designed by a well- 
known architect, and when the contract was to be let it was 
somehow discovered that there was no kitchen. A hotel without 
a kitchen! The time is quickly coming, if it has not already 
come, when it will seem quite as incongruous to think of a church 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 11 


building, especially one of large dimensions, without a kitchen. 
The kitchen, the tea-room, and the banquet hall are essential 
in any well-designed modern church building. 

The church building and the Sunday school! The history of 
the modern Sunday school may easily be traced in its influence 
on the church building. At first the Sunday school was for- 
bidden the use of the church house; then the Sunday school 
was tolerated in the church house; then in recent years, the 
Sunday school has transformed the church house, so that the 
modern church building bears scant resemblance to its predecessor 
of days gone by. Examine a dozen of the great books which 
- treat of church buildings; you will find that almost without excep- 
tion the authors regard the church building and the church 
auditorium as synonymous terms. For generations past the 
church building has been primarily an auditorium to which all 
other parts were secondary and subordinate. One of these books 
of recent issue lies before me as I write. After devoting many 
chapters to an able discussion of the auditorium in its various 
phases, the author reminds us, lest we should overlook it, that 
in most modern churches there is a great variety of other con- 
cerns besides those of worship. All these he dismisses with the 
remark, “these must not be forgotten.” Our artists, our art 
critics, and our architects are of course primarily concerned with 
the auditorium. With them the auditorium is likely to be “the 
church.” But the New Testament sets forth two coordinate 
agencies for the spread of the gospel, preaching and teaching. 
We must build both for the preacher and for the teacher. The 
educational section of our churches must be devised with the 
same care, the same attention to details, and with something 
of the same artistic skill which have marked our auditoriums. 

The church building and the unchurched! The building may 
be a silent witness, an effective voice, to the multitudes who 
pass by, the hurrying, perhaps heedless, people who come and 
go. Where tens enter for worship, hundreds, and possibly thou- 
sands, pass and look upon the outside of the building. If men 
are to form their conceptions of religion partly from the build- 
ings erected by the churches, it is worth while to exercise care 


12 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


that our church buildings shall, by their location and their archi- 
tecture, worthily express the mission and dignity of Christianity. 
Religion may well call art and architecture to her aid in her 
effort to meet and hold the attention of men. In these days 
when diverting voices multiply, when men are distracted and 
confused by many appeals, the churches may well avail them- 
selves of the attracting power of good art and noble architecture. 
Worthy buildings, well located and impressive, offer strong attrac- 
tion for many people. This question of attracting and holding 
attendance goes deeper than newspaper notices and sensational 
themes. Without setting any one method of arresting attention 
over against others, we may suggest that the appeal of good 
art and pleasing architecture has hardly been fully appreciated. 

The church building and its interior! Sensitive at all times 
to its environment, deeply influenced always by its surroundings, 
the worshiping soul is peculiarly responsive to the suggestions of 
the building in which worship is rendered. Consciously or un- 
consciously we are affected by the rooms in which we wait upon 
God, whether our waiting be for the purpose of studying his 
Word, or more especially for worship. We have sometimes 
entered church rooms and have instinctively paused to say, 
“What a restful place!” By some unconscious influence we have 
been moved to pause for at least a moment of worship. Perhaps 
we have inspected church plants where these impressive tones 
were singularly absent; we have felt distinctly restless without 
understanding precisely why; we have felt no impression nor 
appeal which was especially different from that which would be 
felt in a factory or other commercial building. We may be 
unable to define the elements in the room or to describe the tonal 
effects which produce these results. Certain it is that we would 
find it difficult to define the physical arrangements and to de- 
seribe the tones which produce the desired effect. Here, as 
almost everywhere else in the building enterprise, we must rely 
largely on the creative genius of the architect. Both the archi- 
tect and the building committee will do well to bear in mind 
that these indefinable interior effects may go further to make 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 13 


or destroy the real success of the building than some other 
elements which ordinarily receive much larger attention. 

The church building and its exterior! Is the design, the ex- 
terior appearance, a matter of concern? A reaction from elab- 
orate and formal buildings led our fathers to an opposite extreme 
- and they called their simple church edifices “meeting houses.” 
They are indeed meeting houses, but are they not more? The 
design and appearance of the building in which we assemble to 
worship God cannot be of indifferent concern. All buildings 
ought to have character and all buildings ought, in their exterior 
appearance, to give some hint of the purpose which they serve. 
A home ought not to be like a barn; a bank ought not to be 
like a millinery store; a theater ought not to be like a church; 
a church ought not to resemble a courthouse. 

A man apologized for a poorly designed building with many 
architectural shortcomings by saying, “Oh, only one in a hundred 
knows any better.” It may be true that only one in a hundred 
knows, but it is that one whose judgment needs to be seriously 
considered. It is so with any art—few know, but if we care, 
we stand in awe of their verdict. A more serious fallacy lies 
in the assumption that those who do not know are therefore 
not affected by good architecture. We may not know in the 
technical sense; we may be unable in the fullest way to appre- 
ciate fine architectural lines or to detect bad lines; but con- 
sciously or unconsciously we are affected by the architecture 
about us. It cannot, we beg to repeat, be a matter of indifference 
whether our church edifices represent good architecture. We 
may not be able to erect costly temples and imposing cathedrals, 
but every consideration of propriety demands that what we 
build shall be honest and shall be marked by truth and integrity. 
It costs little more, perhaps no more, to build on right lines, 
lines which are correct and pleasing, than it costs to build on 
careless and indifferent lines. 

The church whose edifice, whether it be large or small, is 
architecturally proper and gives evidence of refinement has a 
distinct advantage in any community. A group of some thirty 
people were seen opposite a newly-erected church property in- 


14 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


tently examining its outlines. It developed that a class in 
architecture from a near-by university had selected this build- 
ing as a type worthy of study. The number of church buildings 
in any city which might be so selected is not usually large. 
Why should not a congregation planning to build aspire to erect. 
a building which will commend itself to people of culture and 
which, by the perfection and beauty of its lines, will speak of 
the perfection and beauty of holiness? With our increase in 
wealth, with our diffusion of architectural taste, and above all. 
with our enlightened appreciation of religion as a prime factor 
in our civilization, is it too much to expect that our churches will 
more and more in their buildings seek beauty and impressive- 
ness, as well as practical utility? 


OUTLINE FOR STUDY 


The church building and the church 

The church building and the preacher 

The church building and evangelism 

The church building and fellowship 

The church building and the Sunday school 
The church building and the unchurched 
The church building and its interior 

The church building and its exterior 


For Discussion 


How may the church building influence the church? 

How may the building affect the preacher? 

Show the effect which the building may have on worship. 

What did the seminary president probably mean by the 
suggestion, “Build for evangelism’’? 

Why should the church building provide for fellowship and 
social service? 

How may the church building influence the unchurched? 

Show how the man was wrong who said of a poorly designed 
building, “Only one ina hundred knows any better.” 

Why should the house which we build for God be built 
beautifully? 


Tr 


7 PRELIMINARY HINTS 


The suggestions offered in this chapter represent certain con- 
densed findings which grow out of long experience. They are 
for the most part such as the church extension boards have long 
been accustomed to urge upon churches which plan to build. 
- Many years ago the Board of Church Extension of the Method- 
ist Episcopal Church set forth some of these proposals and these 
were later amplified by Mr. Kidder in “Churches and Chapels.” 
We restate some of these suggestions and add some others 
which seem to be important. 

Organize according to the laws of the state-——The laws differ 
in different states and for different denominations. Secure and 
act upon the advice of your attorney. 

Secure the best possible lot—This is vital to all the future 
interests of the congregation. The lot should be central and 
easy of access. It should, of course, be a corner lot. Pay any 
reasonable price for a suitable location, rather than accept as 
a gift any inferior site. It should be ample in size. Many 
churches are finding serious difficulties at this point. Modern 
church buildings require much space. A church should, if pos- 
sible, for its own sake and for the sake of its neighbors, be 
surrounded by open grounds. Its title should be without flaw. 
Never build on a lot with a reversionary clause, or other possible 
hampering condition. Examine the records and see that the deed 
is drawn by a competent man. Let the deed be made to the 
church under its corporate name, and see that every legal detail 
is cared for. 

Dare to go out in faith—Few worthy church buildings could 
ever be erected if men insisted in advance on seeing the way 
through to the end. The church and the whole community will 
respond to the adventurous faith of men with vision. Make big 


[15] 


16 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


plans if you would inspire a big response. Undertake something 
which is clearly beyond the ability of the congregation and 
challenge the whole community to come to your aid. It would 
be easy to tell of incidents which sound hke the Acts of the 
Apostles. If necessary, build in units or sections, making prog- 
ress as you are able. - 

Consult the Architectural Department maintained by your 
denomination.—All of the leading denominations offer some such 
service. Advice is offered without charge. Helpful lterature 
may be had for the asking. Inquiries regarding available archi- 
tects and concerning problems faced by the churches will receive 
prompt attention. Tentative plans will be examined with a 
view to improvements or economies. 

Select your architect with care—Do not seek to economize 
at this point. Do not undertake to erect any kind of church 
building without an architect. Do not employ an architect be- 
cause he is a local man, and, above all, do not select him because 
he offers his services more cheaply than others, any more than 
you would employ a doctor or a lawyer for this reason. Once 
you have employed an architect, trust him and treat him as 
your professional adviser. He will have both a personal and 
professional interest in your enterprise. There is, of course, 
distinct advantage if the architect has had experience in design- 
ing church buildings such as you propose. 

Where possible, secure the architect’s supervision—The man 
who makes the plans can best see that they are intelligently 
executed. If the architect lives at such a distance that frequent 
personal visits are not practical, it may seem wise to employ 
some experienced man to inspect the work daily, calling upon 
the architect to make visits at special stages. 

Inform yourself as regards modern ideals and the best practice 
in church planning—Do not depend wholly on your architect; 
be able to tell him your needs and to guide him in meeting them. 
Modern church and Sunday-school activities call for new types 
of buildings. It is not safe to assume that we know until we 
investigate the literature and the practice of the present day. 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 4 


For a survey of modern Sunday-school organization which is 
the basis of building requirements, see the author’s “Building 
a Successful Sunday School,” or any one of many similar books. 

Give attention to the floor plan rather than to the exterior 
appearance.—Insist that the architect shall prepare separate 
drawings showing the floor-plan arrangement, indicating the 
uses of all sections of the building, such as are presented in 
these pages. Let these drawings be fully explained to the mem- 
bership so that the people may know exactly what they are to 
expect. The floor plan is the crucial matter. Begin here; out- 
line your needs and insist upon such floor plans as will meet 
them. We court defeat if we select first an exterior design and 
then subordinate to that design all floor-plan arrangements. 

Consider your plan in all its details, and when you have 
adopted it, do not suffer any changes.—Hastily-formed and ill- 
digested plans are the cause of endless troubles and disappoint- 
ments. Changes made after contracts have been closed open 
the way for bills of extras and for various complications and 
misunderstandings. 

Keep careful records and transact all business in the most 
accurate and business-like way.—lItemized statements should at 
intervals be made to the trustees, or to the church, accounting 
for every dollar received and expended. Let the books be care- 
fully audited and a final complete report be made on the day 
of dedication. This will inspire confidence which in turn will 
stimulate giving. 

A church building may exert direct uplifting influence on a 
community for many years, perhaps long after those who erect 
it have gone to their reward. A carefully arranged and prop- 
erly designed building may radiate influence in wide circles. A 
noble building seems to have an almost living air and spirit, and 
may become a benign power in the lives of the people round 
about it. Such a building is both a material and a spiritual asset 
in any community. The committee which leads in the erection 
of a beautiful church building and the people who help to make 
possible such a building render a public service of inestimable 
value. 


18 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


OUTLINE FOR STUDY 


Organize according to the laws of the state 

Secure the best possible lot 

Dare to go out in faith 

Consult the Architectural Department maintained by your 
denomination 

Select your architect with care 

Where possible, secure the architect’s supervision 

Inform yourself as regards modern ideals and the best prac- 
tice in church planning 

Give attention to the floor plan rather than to the exterior 
appearance 

Consider your plan in all its details, and when you have 
adopted it, do not suffer any changes 

Keep careful records and transact all business in the most 
accurate and business-like way 


For Discussion 


What are some preliminary hints proposed by the author? 

Indicate three of these hints which you regard as most im- 
portant. 

Suggest other hints which may be needed to safeguard the 
building campaign. 

Show how a carefully arranged and properly designed build- 
ing may radiate influence in wide circles. 


Ti 


HOW TO ORGANIZE THE BUILDING COMMITTEE 


The building committee is entrusted with a difficult and most 
important task. It should proceed with order and system. The 
following proposals which can be indefinitely varied may offer 
some suggestive guidance. 

The building committee should be composed of a large group 
of people—twenty to forty will usually be found none too large. 

It should be thoroughly representative, including members 
of all organizations within the church which are to be especially 
provided for in the new building. Each department in the Sun- 
day school and each of the young people’s organizations should 
have representation. There should be women as well as men, 
and young people as well as older people. 

The committee should be organized with a chairman, secre- 
tary and treasurer. These officers, together with the pastor and 
the chairmen of the sub-committees, may well form a cabinet 
or an executive committee. To this smaller group may be 
committed the general management of the building project with 
the handling of many details which can not be conveniently 
cared for by the larger group. 

The sub-committees may be multiplied, though the following 
will usually be sufficient. They will generally be appointed from 
the large committee, though for various reasons other members 
may be asked to serve on these committees. 


Plans Committee 


Make careful survey of the community. 

Conduct a study of modern church housing. 

Inspect by visit, or through pictures, approved buildings. 
Study the literature offered by the denominational Depart- 


ment of Architecture. 
[19] 


20 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


Take a census of the community and make a survey with a 
view to determining present and future possibilities of the church 
and Sunday school. Be guided by the possibilities of the future 
rather than by present attendance or past achievements. 


Make schedule of church needs as outlined below: 
Auditorium capacity (stated both in numbers and in floor space 
CimeNsSiONS) sce woos bv ek toe atoms orcas treme et een ee ete 


Social’ provisions; kitchen, fete... 45.0 sank ae ere eee 


© @, 00 © © ©, 6 6 6 (0: oe © 0)'s) «0 19 0 6 6 we Fe eee ee 61/69 6 © <6 pelle") ie. wi Ole & (90s) eae eee 


Cw € 6 6 oe 6 eH 6 et ee 6 4 er on 6 8 fe) 8 Oe oe 6 8 6 6 6 6) 6) lo 6 Be. 6 6) 0 te) ke Se ag ee eee 


Sunday school; numbers.ine. + eueaes Seen ee ee 
INUPSCry oc se cnet oe ne cera Junior Department ....2.:.20% 
Cradle Roll, Class: -. seers Intermediate Department ...... 
Beginners’ Department ........ Young People’s Department 

Primary<Department/.) 3 s.r Adult Department.<.. <2. sae 


Make notes regarding the lot as follows: 


Relation to streets and alleys and to points of the compess 
Number and nature of surrounding buildings............ 
Indicate approximate amount to be expended.............. 
Send this outline of information to your denominational 
Department of Architecture asking for sketch plans which may 
approximate your needs. : 
The Plans Committee may well arrange for a study course 
led by the pastor or some other competent person covering the 
problems involved in the housing of modern church and Sunday- 
school work. This book has been prepared especially for this 
purpose. Other similar books are available. As far as possible 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 21 


the officers and leaders in all departments of church work, es- 
pecially the teachers in the Sunday school and the workers in 
the young people’s organizations should be enrolled for this study. 
This class may well meet each evening for a week. _ 

Confer with the Finance Committee as to whether or how 
far the resources of the church may make possible the meeting 
of all of these needs. 

Take the initiative in selecting an architect. 


Finance Committee 


Study the financial methods adopted by other churches. 

Secure literature and suggestions from your Department of 
Architecture. 

Conduct a thorough educational campaign to inform and 
interest the whole community. 

Prepare and submit a financial program. 

Keep the church informed regarding receipts and expendi- 
tures. 

Finance the project by collections and if necessary by bor- 
rowing. 


Construction Committee 


Bring to the general committee recommendations for the 
letting of all contracts. 

Let contracts and see to their fulfilment. 

Supervise in a general way the construction of the building. 

Have one member submit all instructions in writing to the 
architect or builder. 

Submit to the Finance Committee all bills and accounts as 
they fall due. 


Equipment Committee 


Cooperate with Plans Committee in determining nature of 
equipment throughout. 

Submit complete statement of equipment needed together with 
estimates of cost. 

On order of the general committee secure all needed equip- 
ment. 


22 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


OUTLINE FOR STUDY 


The building committee 
Should be large 
Should be representative 
Should be organized 
1. With officers 
2. With executive committee 
3. With sub-committees 
(1) Plans committee 
(2) Finance committee 
(3) Construction committee 
(4) Equipment committee 


For Discussion 


What number of members should compose the building com- 


mittee? 


Tell of various representatives needed on the building com- 


mittee. 


What if this committee should seem to be too large to attend 


to details? 


Name the suggested sub-committees of the building com- 


mittee and discuss the duties of each. 


LV. 


HOW TO SELECT THE ARCHITECT 


The community which undertakes to build a modern church 
house faces a difficult task. In the nature of the case the church 
has usually had little or no experience by which it may be 
guided. This particular church probably never erected a similar 
building before. 

The modern Sunday-school house is in more senses than one 
a work of art. The graded and departmental Sunday school 
calls for a specially adapted building and is at a great disad- 
vantage without such a building. The advance of Sunday-school 
ideals, especially as regards organization and management, has 
been so rapid and changes have been so radical in plans for 
building and equipment, that conceivably a building committee 
may be unaware of modern developments and uninformed as 
regards the present trend in Sunday-school thought. 

Mistakes May Be Irreparable—The task which the com- 
munity faces in the erection of a new building is the more seri- 
ous because mistakes are all but irreparable. The people will 
probably so far exhaust themselves in the effort to build that 
they will not be able to build again or to make extensive changes 
for many years. In the nature of the case the house to be 
erected has little market value and cannot be sold except at a 
heavy sacrifice. The building, which all too often is hastily 
planned or planned without intelligent effort to meet modern 
needs, will likely be used for at least a generation. 

You Will Need an Architect—Many well-meaning people in- 
dulge the fancy that they can plan the Sunday-school building. 
Have they not personally examined many modern buildings? 
Have they not read what Sunday-school specialists have said 
on these lines? These good people too often make the mistake 
of devising their own plans and then choosing an architect whom 


[ 23 ] 


24 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


they expect to act as draftsman, developing the ideals and plans 
which have already been devised. This is nearly always a peril- 
ous course. The architect should be confidential adviser and 
professional guide in every step from the beginning. He will 
be able to see and to suggest many things which could never 
occur to those without special training. “He who is his own 
lawyer has a fool for a client.” This saying has become cur- 
rent; it has in it suggestive truth. What of the man who seeks 
to be his own architect? 

When we are sick we need a physician and we want a 
physician to whose hands we can implicitly intrust our case; 
when we have litigation we need a lawyer and we want a lawyer ~ 
who will care fully for our interests in court; when we are to 
erect a church house we need an architect, one who has made a 
special study of church architecture and has had special ex- 
perience in this type of building. Occasionally pastors indulge 
the feeling that they can, unaided, draw the needed plans. Even 
these men, as a rule, will gladly avail themselves of the wisdom 
and guidance of the trained architect. Without such guidance 
there is usually an element of peril. 

Select Your Architect With Care——Few building committees 
realize in advance how much depends on the wisdom and ability 
of the architect. In this connection we offer the following sug- 
gestions: 

The architect should be familiar with modern church minis- 
tries, especially with the organization and management of the 
departmental Sunday school. The designing of modern church 
buildings requires more than mere architectural skill’ The mod- 
ern church building reflects modern church and Sunday-school 
life. The architect who successfully designs modern church 
buildings must know modern church and Sunday-school life. 
It would be easy to tell of efforts on the part of skilled architects 
who are unfamiliar with modern Sunday-school work which 
would be ludicrous if they were not lamentable. 

The architect must be “sympathetic.” 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 25 


“To best meet the needs of the Episcopal Church of to-day, 
the architect must be familiar with the service and thoroughly 
in sympathy with it, as well as with its architectural expression.” 
—F. E. Kidder, in “Churches and Chapels.” 

A great and manifestly just principle is set forth in the above 
paragraph. The architect who is called to design a great Epis- 
copal Church must for the time being assume the attitude of a 
devout and intelligent Episcopalian. It is equally true that in 
order to meet the needs of the less formal, non-ritual, evangelistic 
denomination, the architect “must be familiar with its service and 
thoroughly in sympathy with it, as well as with its architectural 
expression.” We could wish that this principle might be some- 
how emphasized. Certainly a mere statement of it will suffice 
for thoughtful men. 

The architect should possess creative genius. Dr. Von Ogden 
Vogt discusses this imperative necessity at length in his dis- 
criminating work, “Art and Religion.” We venture to quote: 
“Great architecture requires originality or genius, as does any 
other great production. It also requires scholarship. It is just 
as unfortunate for architects who are not scholarly to be planning 
buildings as it is for men to lecture upon philosophy without 
knowing Plato, Plotinus, Descartes and the other great con- 
tributors to the stream of philosophic learning. It is just as 
necessary for the architect to know how the Greeks built and 
why, and how the monks built and why, as for the preacher to 
be familiar with Isaiah and Paul and Luther.” 

Free Competitions Are Rarely Fruitful—Building committees 
have sometimes resorted to the method of asking various archi- 
tects to submit plans and designs in competition with a view to 
select from those submitted. It will be worth while in this con- 
nection to ponder the words of Mr. Sydney R. Badgley, a thought- 
ful man who has won the right to be heard on this and similar 
questions: 

“Architects should be selected just as men in other profes- 
sions are selected, namely, on the basis of their professional 
merit and integrity of character. How many doctors, dentists, 
lawyers, or artists would enter a ‘free’ competition, and submit 


26 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


a prescription, set of teeth, brief, or portrait, to be Judged by a 
committee of non-professionals, and returned with or without a 
‘thank you,’ if their work did not please? What class of men 
in these professions would enter such a race? Would their ser- 
vices be desirable?” 

The best architects are to be had on the same terms as the 
best men in other professions, hence a resolution to select an 
architect by free competition is likely to be a resolve to use 
inferior talent. Architects who serve their clients best have no 
time to devote to free competitions. 


How to Use the Services of the Architect.—Supposing that a 
given community wishes to avail itself of the services of an 
architect who has specialized in church and Sunday-school build- 
ings, this may be done in one of three ways. 

(1) Full architectural service. The architect in question may 
be employed to advise the committee, to make all plans and 
specifications, to supervise all contracts and to superintend 
construction. This, of course, is the most satisfactory method 
where all conditions permit. For this service the architect usual- 
ly expects a commission equal to five or six per cent of the cost 
of the building. 


(2) Plans and specifications without supervision. The archi- 
tect may be employed to give expert advice, to prepare all plans 
and specifications, to guide in making necessary contracts, while 
other arrangements are made for superintending the erection 
of the building. In this case the commission usually asked is 
three or three and a half per cent of the cost of the building. 

(3) As consulting architect. The committee may wish as 
far as possible to use some local architect and yet may wish in 
cooperation with this talent to avail itself of the skill and ex- 
perience of a widely-trained church architect. In this case the 
special man may be employed as consulting architect. He will 
then help to draw the plans and freely consult with the local 
authorities in the interpretation and execution of the same. The 
architect chosen by the committee may, for his own protection 
and in order to secure the best results, wish to employ as con- 
sulting architect some specalist in church plans. Physicians 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 27 


in certain critical cases ask that other physicians be called in 
consultation. In these last mentioned cases special arrangements 
must, of course, be made as regards compensation. 


The Time Element—Haste in a building enterprise is always 
perilous. There are three distinct steps which must precede 
actual building operations. 


(1) Finding a solution for the problem. The architect must 
make preliminary drawings in the effort to bring the building 
committee to agreement as regards the design and the interior 
arrangements. This is often a difficult and necessarily prolonged 
process. The architect may at first incorporate the suggestions 
of various members and thus produce a design which is quite 
beyond the financial ability of the church. Then new sketches 
must be made until an acceptable and practicable plan has been 
developed. It is just here that the Architectural Bureaus main- 
tained by the various denominations render their best service. 
In any case, there is the finding of a solution for the problem, 
the developing of a design which will meet the needs of the com- 
munity, which comes within necessary financial limitations, and 
on which the church can be brought to agreement. The first 
step may require only a few weeks or it may require many 
months. Undue haste here may imperil the success of the build- 
ing and it may affect adversely the campaign for needed funds. 

(2) Making plans and specifications with working drawings. 
The architect in his offices will practically construct on paper 
the whole building. This process must not be hurried. He prob- 
ably has other work on hand and hence cannot reasonably be 
expected to put his whole force on any one job. Under ordinary 
conditions two or three months should be allowed for the making 
of the plans and specifications. Longer time may, of course, be 
required in the case of very large buildings. 

(3) Receiving bids. When the plans and specifications have 
been completed the next step usually taken is to receive bids 
from contractors. With a church of any considerable size, the 
contractors must be allowed due time, since they face a difficult 


28 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


and often hazardous undertaking. A minimum of three to five 
weeks should be allowed and in the case of very large churches 
a longer time may be necessary. 


OUTLINE FOR STUDY 


A difficult task 
Mistakes may be irreparable 
You will need an architect 
Select your architect with care 
1. Should be familiar with modern church ministries 
2. Must be “sympathetic” 
3. Should possess creative genius 
Free competitions are rarely fruitful 
How to use the services of the architect 
1. Full architectural service 
2. Plans and specifications without supervision 
3. As consulting architect 
The time element 
1. Finding a solution of the problem 
2. Making plans and specifications with working drawings 
3. Receiving bids 


For Discussion 


Why is-the selection of the architect an important step? 

Is an architect really needed in the planning of a church 
building? 

Make suggestions for using the services of the architect. 

Indicate the steps required in the architect’s service and dis- 
cuss the time required for each step. 


V 
HOW TO FINANCE THE NEW BUILDING 


The problems involved in raising funds and providing funds 
for our great modern building enterprises are very great. Con- 
ditions vary widely and we can undertake to offer only some 
rather general suggestions. 

We venture first some general observations. 

Wisdom in planning is essential to ease in financing.—It 
goes without saying that wise planning and wise financing are 
the two-essentials to success in the building enterprise. Blun- 
ders in the planning of a building make burdens in the financing 
of it. An economical building plan which wastes no money, an 
adequate and satisfactory plan which fairly meets the recog- 
nized needs of the church will constitute an excellent contribution 
to the financing of the building. We know of a building which, 
as the construction progressed, plainly consumed needless money 
into the thousands of dollars. When this fact was apparent 
the people became depressed and great difficulty was experienced 
in meeting the financial obligations. We know of a building 
which was hastily planned without reference to the needs of 
the departmental Sunday school, and when this fact became 
known the sense of disappointment was so keen that the financial 
obligations became all but intolerable. Building committees will 
do well to lay it to heart, especially if they contemplate incurring 
serious indebtedness, that a sane building plan which will meet 
all reasonable tests is the best guarantee that the people will 
cheerfully bear the financial burden. 

The credit of the churches is growing increasingly better.-— 
This fact may well hearten church communities which plan to 
build and which face grave problems in the matter of financing 
the new building. Loans, especially large loans, to churches 
have not always been viewed with favor by bankers and other 


[29] 


30 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


money lenders. A distinct change in attitude toward churches 
has been observed in the past ten and twenty years. A building 
committee in a certain city wished to borrow $100,000 for a 
period of years. It was decided to ask three banks to loan this 
amount in three equal divisions. The committee visited the 
three banks agreed upon and was pleased and somewhat sur- 
prised at the readiness with which the loans were granted. The 
committee mentioned its gratification to one of the bank presi- 
dents, and he spoke somewhat as follows: “Gentlemen, your 
church has done business in our city for more than fifty years 
and has never defaulted on a debt. We know well that your 
church will pay the debt on this building. Any conditions which 
would deprive you of ability to meet your obligations would 
first drive this whole city into bankruptcy.” The banker then 
went on to say that churches with a history and standing were 
among the most stable of institutions whose credit must always 
rank high. It would be easy to cite many other instances where 
churches have been agreeably surprised to find themselves able 
to borrow large sums. 

As a means of providing funds for new buildings, churches 
may issue bonds.—These can be arranged to mature through a 
series of years and they can thus be absorbed by the regular 
contributions of the people. Usually the members are willing 
to show their faith by subscribing for these bonds and frequently 
insurance companies and foreign corporations can be induced to 
take the bonds. The First Baptist Church, Owensboro, Ken- 
tucky, financed its new building by issuing such bonds. We will 
let the pastor, Rev. W. C. Boone, tell of the methods pursued: 

“Our plan of bonding our property was about as follows: We 
divided the issue about equally into first and second mortgage 
bonds, as it is hard to get more than half the value of real 
estate on a first mortgage. We had the church adopt a mortgage 
on the whole property. Then we had bonds issued as stated, 
in two classes. The second mortgage bonds were sold to members 
and friends of the church. We used the first mortgage bonds 
as collateral, borrowing on them from local banks. In each case 
the bonds were issued by the trust company (which acted as 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 31 


our trustee) only as they were needed. They are “On or before 
twelve-year” bonds, paying 6 per cent interest semi-annually, 
and bearing coupons like Liberty Bonds. 

“As to retiring the bonds, we have a subscription for our build- 
ing fund, covering a term of years, which is large enough to take 
care of the interest payments, and also liquidate the bonds before 
they run out. In our own church we have a three-fold subscrip- 
tion, a single budget divided on a percentage basis as follows: 
75 Million Campaign, forty-six per cent; Current Expenses, 
twenty-five per cent; and Building Fund, twenty-nine per cent. 
All money paid into the treasury, unless otherwise designated, is 
divided on this basis.” 

We offer now some miscellaneous hints. 

If pledges must be made running into the future, it is usually 
better to ask for three-year pledges rather than for five-year 
pledges. If the entire indebtedness cannot be removed by the 
close of the three-year period, a new campaign seeking new sub- 
scriptions can then be conducted. Many churches prefer to 
ask one year pledges and thus make a new campaign each year. 

Pledges payable at frequent intervals, weekly or monthly or 
quarterly, are more easily met by many people than pledges 
payable annually. 

Some churches ask for pledges in the form of notes, either 
with or without interest, with the understanding that these notes 
will be placed with the banks as collateral for necessary loans. 
Some churches have asked all who would to sign the notes and 
have permitted others to sign pledges which would not be con- 
sidered legally binding, thus having two types of subscriptions. 

Some churches have found it advisable to state in connection 
with the printed pledge that the obligation will cease to bind in 
case of death or removal from the community. It is perhaps 
better to omit such statement from the printed pledge and let 
it be written in when the contributor especially insists upon it. 

Subscriptions are sometimes made on condition that a given 
sum is subscribed, or on condition that a given amount is ex- 
pended on the building. 

We propose as being possibly suggestive, some plans which 
have, under test, been found practicable. 


32 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


The Building and Loan Plan 


A pastor in Knoxville, Tennessee, some years ago lifted a 
heavy debt on an unfinished building in the following manner: 
Circles of eleven members each were organized to take out and 
carry Building and Loan Stock as an investment for the church. 
Ten members were to pay monthly assessments, while the 
eleventh was, for his part, to collect and make payments for the 
stock. If one member of the circle died or moved away, the 
circle was to fill his place by finding some other to take it. 

It was really astonishing to see how easily and rapidly the 
fund grew. It was only a short time until the stock was with- 
drawn, and a substantial payment was made on the church debt. 
The building was finished and it still stands as a monument 
to the heroic sacrifices of that noble band. Some of the older 
members who helped to carry that Building and Loan stock are 
still in the church, and they look back on those anxious days 
with supreme satisfaction. Dr. O. L. Hailey, who, as a young 
pastor, proposed the idea, still believes that in many situations 
the plan has great possibilities. 


A Plan Successfully Used in Paducah, Kentucky 


Some years ago Dr. S. E. Tull raised large sums for the 
erection of the First Baptist Church, Paducah, Kentucky, by a 
system of regular free-will offerings. At certain intervals, per- 
- haps once a month, the people were asked to come forward in the 
Sunday morning service and lay their offerings, silver, gold, 
paper money and checks, on the table. The author was present 
on one such occasion and can bear witness to the solemnity and 
great effectiveness of this method. 


Plan Used in Bowling Green, Kentucky 


Some years ago a simple but effective plan was devised for 
the First Baptist Church, Bowling Green, Kentucky. 

Two cards, such as the accompanying, were prepared in 
duplicate, one for the contributor and the other for the treasurer. 
As payments were made monthly, according to this card, the two 
cards were put together and, by a special punch, the date on 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 33 


each card was punched out. In this way an indelible entry was 
made for both the contributor and the treasurer and each re- 
tained his own card as a receipt. 





No. 1, Due|No. 2, DuelNo. 3, Due|No. 4, Due]No. 5, Due] No. 6, Due 
July 5, 1915}Aug. 5, 1915]Sept. 5, 1915/Oct. 5, 1915|Nov. 5, 1915] Dec. 5, 1915 


No. 8, Due 
In consideration of the contributions of || Feb. 5, 1916 


others, I (Signature) 
» Due No. 10, 


p vile hereby agree to give || Avr. 5, 
to the Building Fund of the First Baptist | |— —— 

, Due Church of Bowling Green, Ky., thirty || x, 19, pue 
1916 || monthly installments of June 5, 1916 








No. 14, Due 
Aug. 5, 1916 
as per attached dated coupons. 
Payments are receipted when punch- 


Due arked by the Treasurer of the Church. No. 16, Due 
1916 uy y f Chure Oct. 5, 1916 


Due |No. 18, Due|No. 19, Due|No. 20, Due|No. 21, Due|No. 22, Due| No. 23, Due 
1916 |Dec. 5, 1916|Jan. 5, 1917|7eb. 5, 1917)Mar. 5, 1917)Apr. 5, 1917] May 5, 1917 


Due |No. 25, Due|No. 26, Due|No. 27, Due|No. 28, Due|No. 29, Due] No. 30, Due 
1917 |July 5, 1917|Aug. 5, 1917|Sept. 5, 1917|Oct. 5, 1917|Nov. 5, 1917] Dec. 5, 1917 

















The plan provides the simplest and surest sort of bookkeeping, 
as the treasurer files his cards in alphabetical order. But, as is 
suggested by Dr. Leonard W. Doolan who originated and first 
used the plan, the great advantage is that it brings in the largest 
amount in the easiest way, namely, by comparatively small 
amounts paid regularly through a lengthened period of time. 
For example, young men and young business women who would 
not have subscribed a lump sum of $30 gladly agreed to give 
$1 per month for the thirty months. 

This plan is especially effective in a round-up campaign to 
follow the giving of larger lump sums. When the people have 
made their main offering to the building fund, they may be 
willing to make added subscriptions running through the months 
to cover a debt or to defray the expense of furnishing. 


34 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


A Very Practical Proposal 


A pastor felt keenly the need of a new building. The re- 
sources of the congregation were exceedingly meager. It did 
not seem possible to build in the usual way. The pastor chal- 
lenged his men to join him in excavating for the foundation, 
suggesting that they go out on a program of faith and heroic 
self-sacrifice. While the excavating was being done, the pastor 
managed to secure material for the foundation. Men who could 
give time during the day came and gave their service; other men 
who had regular hours for employment came and gave two or 
more hours at night. 

Thus, step by step, the building went up, the people giving 
as they were able and the pastor soliciting from friends of the 
congregation, while the men, cheered and encouraged by the 
women, freely gave of their labor. Neighbors and onlookers who 
had been indifferent and even critical came to offer sympathy 
and help, and thus the building continued to grow. At last an 
attractive building was occupied by the Grace Baptist Church, 
and the pastor, Rev. C. D. Creasman, was permitted to see the 
fruits of his heroic faith. In some such manner many worthy 
buildings have been erected. 


A Simple but Effective Device 


The author once used the following simple device in securing 
funds for a needed educational building. We required $6000 
for our purpose. We formed on a blackboard a large block pre- 
senting one hundred twenty squares as is shown on next page. 
Each square was to represent $50, thus making the $6000. 

We asked men and women to take as many squares as pos- 
sible. A generous brother led off by taking thirty squares, 
representing a subscription of $1500. Others accepted varying 
numbers of squares. In a few instances two or more young people 
joined together in taking one square. The blackboard, which 
was kept before the congregation, showed from time to time just 
how our venture stood. At last all the squares were filled and 
the congregation rejoiced over the accomplishment of the task. 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 35 


WE NEED $6000. EACH SQUARE REPRESENTS $50. 
HOW MANY WILL YOU TAKE? 


nn 





















































WE OFFER SOME SUGGESTIVE SUBSCRIPTION BLANKS. 


Subscriptions should, of course, be written and should be 
carefully preserved. No particular wording is required to make 
a subscription legal. We give as follows a variety of suggestive 
forms: 


IMO COTR OS Ss MiB peices 8 a, ne ober eae eae 

URRY sank Oh OM an hy Sy asta hea 

ienereby subseribe $2... 22222. 2.k for the erection of a 
newecuurch: building’ for thes -c5 Sire c scents ceseaeans Church. 


One-third of the above amount is to be paid on the call of 
the treasurer of the building fund; one-third when the cor- 
ner stone is laid; and one-third when the building is closed 
in. 
PIO TCU ene Maren Fee eee eh ee oe 
JWG USMS 2 epee ae Se +. ee ae eee 


36 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


I promise to pay for the erection of a new building for 


the. -..:1:3t 5 are Meeks hay Church. 
TG OR ee 
$a eee 
This sum shall be payable im........_.,.......---- monthly pay- 
ments: Of: See tee eee each, beginning when the con- 

tract is awarded or the work begun. 

(Sioned) 22. 2 eee 
Address 223.8220 eee ce 
Date 22s.0 AS geek ee ee 


OUTLINE FOR STUDY 


Some general observations 
Wisdom in planning is essential to ease in financing 
The credit of the churches is growing increasingly better 
As a means for providing funds for new buildings, churches 
may issue bonds 
Some miscellaneous hints 
Plans for securing funds 
The building and loan fund 
A plan used in Paducah, Kentucky 
Plan used in Bowling Green 
A very practical proposal 
A simple but effective device 
Suggested subscription blanks 


For Discussion 


Discuss the credit of churches in its bearing on building cam- 
paigns. 

What is meant by the statement that blunders in the planning 
of a building make burdens in the financing of it? 

Show how a building may be financed by the issuance and 
sale of bonds. 

Offer suggestions as regards pledges to the building fund. 

Present at least two of the proposed plans for financing the 
church building. 


PART TWO—PLANNING THE BUILDING 


Vis 
aol: 
VIII. 
iB. «. 
o€ 
D4 F 
XIT. 


How to Plan the Auditorium 

How to Plan for the Sunday School 

How to Plan for the Departments 

How to Plan for the Classes 

How to Plan for Fellowship and Social Ministries 
How to Plan Administration Offices 

How to Test Your Plan 


VI. 


HOW TO PLAN THE AUDITORIUM 


The auditorium, providing for worship and the preaching 
of the Word, must always be the central feature of the church 
building. Happily we have here a well-established body of tra- 
dition and practice to guide us, and hence we may content our- 
selves with the offering of some more or less obvious suggestions. 


Proper proportions.—A hint as to proper proportions may be 
gained by the carrying power of the human voice. The voice 
carries proportionately about as follows: directly in front of 
the speaker, ninety feet; directly at one side, fifty feet; directly 
behind, thirty feet (Kramer). Thus if the carrying power of 
the voice alone is taken into consideration, the ideal auditorium 
would be proportioned about as follows: depth, ninety feet; 
width, one hundred feet. But the power of the speaker’s eye 
and other considerations would favor a greater relative depth. 
Mr. Geo. E. Merrill* suggests that “a room oblong in plan, with 
the pulpit at one end, gives at once a form within which the 
sense of a worshipful atmosphere is most easily produced and 
in which the maximum number of individuals can see and hear.” 
The buildings presented in these pages offer carefully devised 
auditoriums whose dimensions seem proper for evangelical 
churches. 

Vestibules sufficient in number and ample in size should be 
provided.—Such vestibules are worth far more than their cost. 
They lend an air of welcome; they provide waiting rooms for 
people who arrive during prayer or such other parts of the ser- 
vice as may delay the incoming congregation; they encourage 
sociability; they enable the audience to pass out quickly when 


*“Planning Church Buildings.” 
[ 39 ] 


40 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


the service is over. When the size of the building will justify, 
a vestibule extending entirely across the front of the audience 
room is desirable. 

Stairways.—The thoughtful architect will give careful atten- 
tion to the exits and entrances, and especially to the stairways, 
with a view to facilitate the movement of the people and to avoid 
all possible congestion. Stairs should be not less than four feet 
wide for the use of fifty people and eighteen inches should be 
added to the width for every one hundred people. Six-inch 
risers with twelve-inch treads are generally favored for stairways 
in churches. 

Doors.—In many states the law requires that outside doors 
shall swing out. The reason for this is that in case of fire or 
any sudden panic, the people may not be trapped by the doors. 





ae 
ee 
a hee. 


Bolo 











Dougherty and Gardner, Architects. 


PULPIT AND CHOIR PLATFORM, THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, 
KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE 


The pulpit platform.—tf{ the floor is bowled or inclined, the 
platform may well be the same height as the floor at the rear of 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 41 


the building. In an auditorium forty by fifty feet, eighteen 
inches is a suitable height; in an auditorium sixty by seventy 
feet, the platform may be thirty inches high. A high platform 
renders the front seats undesirable, and a tier of vacant seats 
around the pulpit is difficult both for the preacher and for the 
choir. The platform should, of course, be higher when the floor 
is level than when the floor is inclined. It should be at least six 
and a half feet deep and twelve feet across; a depth of seven or 
eight feet is desirable. In small churches, sittings should be 
provided for at least six people, and in larger buildings corre- 
spondingly larger platform space should be provided. 





The R. H. Hunt Company, Architects. 


PULPIT AND CHOIR PLATFORM, THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, 
MUSKOGEE, OKLAHOMA 


An entrance to the platform should be provided from the 
side or rear so that neither the pastor nor the choir will have 
to come into the auditorium and climb the steps in the presence 
of the audience. 


42 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


A secondary platform somewhat lower than the main rostrum 
may well be provided. Many pastors are demanding such a 
platform to which they may descend for the reception of mem- 
bers, for the administration of the Lord’s Supper and for similar 
services. Illustration of what is here meant may be seen in 
drawings presented on pages 108 and 157. 

Provision should be made for a choir in proportion to the 
numbers to be accommodated in the auditorium. Such provision 
is needed for special revival meetings, even if it is not required 
every Sunday. Dr. Von Ogden Vogt* says a timely word re- 
garding church music as follows: 

“A so-called chorus choir, even a small one, is far better 
than a quartet. The quartet may produce superior music; it 
is usually inferior in devotional feeling. The chorus is less pro- 
fessional and more worshipful, both in appearance and style of 
singing. Altogether too much church music, especially as pro- 
duced by the quartet, somehow has the aspect of concert num- 
bers. Music in the service should rather give the impression of 
an indispensable and closely-woven part of the service as a 
whole. No music in a service of worship should ever impress one 
as a program number.” 


Good acoustic properties are of prime wmportance.—lIf the 
speaker experiences difficulty in speaking, or the singer in singing, 
or if the hearer finds difficulty in hearing, a chief end of the 
building is defeated. Happily modern architecture has meas- 
urably mastered the once baffling question of acoustics. And yet 
even in our day mysterious difficulties and grievous disappoint- 
ments are not uncommon. One eminent divine thus strongly puts 
it: ‘Acoustics is so important that I would place it before 
every other merit; before light, or ventilation, or comfortable 
seats, or beauty, or any virtue. Give us churches in which the 
human voice can be heard with pleasure and profit.” Cement 
and steel lath construction are both likely to introduce acousti- 
cal difficulties and should be handled with care. The steel lath 
which has recently come to be so much used may act as a drum 
head and may cause serious acoustical troubles. There are 





*“Art and Religion,” page 176. 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 43 


types of structures and methods of treatment well known to 
experienced architects which furnish reasonable security as there 
are well-tested means for remedying acoustical defects. 

Acousticons may be provided Every auditorium, whether 
large or small, should be provided with an apparatus for the 
convenience of partially deaf people. This consists of an electric 
apparatus with receiver at the pulpit stand and ear pieces at 
various points in the auditorium so that the deaf need not be 
congregated at any one point. All that is required to use these 
instruments is for the person to apply the ear piece to his ear and 
the speaker may be heard satisfactorily. 

The lighting of the building is an important feature-—The 
ideal is a-soft sufficient light. Undue brightness and funereal 
gloom are to be alike avoided. Electric light by the indirect 
method is most desirable. In the matter of first cost and of 
current consumed, this method is somewhat expensive. The in- 
creased expense is more than justified by the restfulness and the 
satisfaction produced by this method of lighting. Second to the 
indirect method is the semi-indirect method in which the lamps 
are all concealed behind glass of a diffusing character. 

Ventilation is a vital factor in the worship service-—Besides 
the usual window ventilation there should be an opening in the 
ceiling of the auditorium with a convenient device for opening 
and closing and connected with the outside to permit the escape 
of hot air which collects in the upper part of the building. The 
attic space should also be ventilated through the apex of the 
room, and also at the eaves, to promote a circulation of air. 

The systems of artificial ventilation and of artificial cooling 
generally call for the closing of windows and doors. For this 
reason they have met with only partial success. In the southern 
sections of our country there is probably no substitute for the 
direct window ventilation. 

Balconies constitute a desirable feature in all larger build- 
mgs.—Any audience room seating three hundred persons will 
usually have sufficient height of ceiling to admit of a balcony 
across the back of the room, and the room which provides for 
the seating of four hundred people will usually admit of a 


44 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


balcony around three sides. Spacious balconies will increase the 
seating capacity by one-third to two-thirds. Naturally the 
balcony will be unused on ordinary occasions as the congrega- 
tion will fill in below. Neither the people nor the preacher feel 
any special depression because the balcony is not occupied, such 
as they feel if a large space on the main floor is not occupied. 
High balconies tend toward formality and are to be avoided 
in evangelical churches. The balconies should therefore be as 
low as the general design and the comfort of those who must sit 
beneath will permit. Where balconies are constructed on three 
sides of an auditorium, it is better that they should offer con- 
tinuous and unobstructed space than that they should be divided 
into three distinct sections. Illustrations of excellent balconies 
may be found throughout these pages. 

Seating for the auditoriwum.—F or the church auditorium, pews 
are generally preferred. When properly built they are very com- 
fortable. They are economical in that children and adults 
occupy only so much space as may be needed. Churches which 
are able to do so have long been accustomed to provide cushions 
for the pews, thus greatly adding to their comfort. 

Opera chairs have for a long time divided honors with the 
traditional pew. They have by recent improvements been ren- 
dered noiseless and more durable than they formerly were. The 
chair has arm-rests and thus insures against crowding. Unless 
all of the chairs are of good size, exceptionally large persons may 
be embarrassed and may be thus kept away from the services. 
Opera chairs are frequently used in galleries even where pews 
are used on the main floor. 

It is commonly supposed that six square feet per person is 
a sufficient allowance for seating. It is really necessary to figure 
seven or eight square feet in the ordinary church auditorium if 
exact seating capacity is desired; seven square feet, if straight 
pews are used, assuming that the platform, aisles and all spare 
space are included in the estimate of floor space. In department 
rooms and generally in small rectangular rooms with little lost 
space, six or seven square feet per person is a reasonable allow- 
ance. 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS AS 


A given building will seat more people with straight seating 
than with curved seating. Mr. Kidder estimates that a room, 
which with straight seats will accommodate seven hundred peo- 
ple, will offer only six hundred seatings when curved seats are 
used. 

The exact seating capacity of a given room can be determined 
only by drawing the seats to a scale on the plan, allowing for 
each sitting eighteen inches with pews and twenty inches with 
chairs. Since seating capacity is so commonly over-estimated, 
it may seem desirable to ask the architect to test in this way the 
Seating capacity of the various rooms in any proposed building. 
Estimates of seating capacity throughout this book are de- 
pendable. 

Aisles—No “blind aisles.” These are aisles which open for 
a given distance and then are closed by longer pews. No wide 
central aisle directly in front of the speaker should be permitted. 
“The center aisle leading to the pulpit violates every principle 
of the psychology of public speaking.” Aisles should be spaced 
from ten to eighteen feet apart, according to the arrangement of 
the room. For reasons which must readily appear, pews should 
not in any event be more than sixteen or eighteen feet long. Main 
aisles should be four to five feet wide, while secondary aisles may 
be two or three feet wide. 

The suggestions made herewith for securing enlarged space 
for special occasions find illustration in the auditorium of the 
First Baptist Church, Owensboro, Kentucky, shown on next 
page. At the rear under the balcony are rooms which open into 
the auditorium and supplement its capacity. 

Securing enlarged space for special occasions—There is a 
very natural desire on the part of building committees to secure 
the very largest possible seating capacity for unusual occasions. 
The desire for such maximum space is readily appreciated and 
yet the effort.to secure a room which will expand on occasions 
has spoiled many auditoriums and has greatly reduced their 
every-Sunday usefulness. Exceptional attendance may be cared 
for without sacrificing the beauty and dignity of the auditorium 
as follows: 


46 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


(1) Extra chairs may be drawn from adjoining rooms for use 
in the aisles and other available space. In this way the normal 
capacity may be increased ten to fifteen per cent. 

(2) Balconies may help to solve this problem. As has been 
already suggested, balconies will not be used ordinarily and on 
special occasions they may add greatly to the capacity of the 
auditorium. 


(3) A room or rooms may open into the auditorium at the 
rear. This is not the most desirable arrangement, but under 


certain conditions it may be permissible. See plans on pages 
148 and 152. 





The R. H. Hunt Company, Architects. 


MAIN AUDITORIUM, THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, OWENSBORO, 
KENTUCKY 


° 
Swinging back to normalcy.—About fifty years ago the Sun- 
day school began to force certain readjustments and compro- 
mises in the church auditoriums. The church auditorium came 
to be very generally dealt with in a fast and loose fashion in 
the effort to make some provision in an adjoining room for the 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 47 


Sunday school, and at the same time provide enlarged seating 
space for special occasions. The experiment was not a success 
practically and was a blunder from the artistic standpoint. One 
great wall of the auditorium was frequently removed and an 
immense, impossible sliding partition was provided; the pulpit 
platform was moved from its normal and traditional place into 
one corner. We let Dr. Von Ogden Vogt describe the result: 

“By some terrible invasion of a desire for a practical build- 
ing, a combination building, there appeared in this style the 
device of a square church, having the pulpit in one corner so that 
the opening of great folding doors could combine a Sunday- 
school hall with the church auditorium. No invention was ever 
more frightful. No artist would dream of focusing attention to 
the corner of a square room. Sitting askew of the cardinal 
points puts a slant into your very morals. And the circular 
pews make one feel as though he were in a clinical laboratory. 
The prominence of organ pipes on one side and the dreary, 
barren waste of folding doors on the other constitute a com- 
position in disharmony and impropriety almost positively de- 
moralizing. The buildings of this style stand on one side of a 
deep and wide gulf from anything that could remotely be con- 
nected with the world of fine arts.” 

Happily the pendulum is swinging back; the tendency now 
is to make the auditorium complete in itself. Surely the ends 
which it must serve justify the necessary expense. Any effort to 
enlarge the seating capacity of the auditorium by opening ad- 
joining space involves compromises which should not be lightly 
made. Such compromises may be more permissible in the case 
of smaller buildings and we show in chapter XVII some buildings 
in which class rooms open into the auditorium. Considerations 
of economy may sometimes justify this combination arrange- 
ment even in larger buildings, but churches which are able to 
bear the expense will in increasing numbers demand the orthodox 
auditoriums which are complete in themselves. 


48 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


OUTLINE FoR STUDY 


Proper proportions 

Vestibules sufficient in number, etc. 
Stairways 

Doors 

The pulpit platform 

Good acoustic properties 
Acousticons may be provided 
The lighting 

Ventilation 

Balconies 

Seating 

Securing enlarged seating space 


For Discussion 


Discuss the proportions which are suitable for the church 
auditorium. 

How wide should stairs be to accommodate two hundred 
fifty people? 

Discuss the height of the pulpit platform. 

What of the advisability of balconies? 

Tell how to estimate seating capacity. 

Show how enlarged space may be secured for special occasions. 


WALT 


HOW TO PLAN FOR THE SUNDAY SCHOOL 


The housing which the Sunday school needs is such as fits 
its organization and thus makes possible its growth and efficiency. 
Thus the housing should reflect the organization. The best 
statement of the housing needs of the Sunday school will there- 
fore be a statement of the organization through which the 
Sunday school will most usefully function. The building com- 
mittee, the architect, and, indeed, all others concerned in the 
planning of the Sunday-school building should know the lines 
along which the Sunday school is organized and should have a 
clear and sympathetic knowledge of each of the groups into 
which the Sunday school is divided. 

Departments in the Sunday School. The Sunday school is 
now conducted departmentally. It is divided into groups or de- 
partments and each department is conducted as a miniature 
school. Each department has its own quarters, has its own staff 
of officers, conducts its own program, and keeps its own records. 
Each department seeks to minister to the special needs of its 
own constituency. And this leads us to say that this depart- 
mentization of the Sunday school has grown out of the evident 
necessity to minister intelligently to the various life groups. 
The need of the pupil must be the law of the school. Little tots 
of tender years cannot get what is due them out of a promiscuous 
program of instruction and worship conducted largely with a 
view to meet the needs of their parents and grandparents. Boys 
and girls need programs of instruction and worship especially 
adapted to meet the peculiar needs of their growing lives. The 
capacity and the needs of each of the distinct life groups should 
be especially considered. In this fact lies the basis for the 
various departmental groups into which we divide the Sunday 
school and for which we seek to provide in the building. 


[49 ] 





HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 5] 


The departments into which the Sunday school has long been 
divided are as follows: 


Beginners, ages 4 and 5 years. 
Primaries, ages 6, 7 and 8 years. 
Juniors, ages 9-12 years. 
Intermediates, ages 13-16 years. 
Young People, ages 17-24 years. 
Adults, ages 25 years and up. 


These departmental groups, as will be readily seen, follow 
closely the life divisions long recognized by psychologists, which 
are as follows: 


Early childhood, ages 4 and 5. 
Later childhood, ages, 6, 7, and 8. 
Boyhood and girlhood, 9-12. 
Early adolescence, 13-16. 

Later adolescence, 17-24. 
Manhood, 25 and up. 








Cradle Roll Class 





52 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


Stanley Hall in “Adolescence,” Thorndike in “Educational 
Psychology,’ Tracy in “The Psychology of Adolescence,” and 
‘psychologists in general have followed and advocated this group- 
ing. Southern Baptists, along with various other denominations, 
advocate these departmental lines. If other departmental sub- 
-divisions seem desirable it will be an easy matter to adapt the 
proposals which we offer in these pages. The need under cer- 
tain conditions for closer grouping is recognized, and such closer 
-grouping when it is justified by the numbers in the school may be 
‘provided for by such subdivision of the departments as is sug- 
gested on page 55. 

Besides these six departments, it is customary to provide (1) 
a mothers’ room (2) a nursery for babies one and two years of 
age (3) a Cradle Roll classroom for children three years of age. 


CRADLE ROLL DEPT. 
~ Central ME. Church; $, 
Richmond, Va. 





Classes in the Departments. The Sunday school is first di- 
vided into departments. These departments in turn are sub- 
‘divided into classes. The department furnishes the proper basis 
for programs of instruction and worship and for general man- 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 53° 


agement. The classes likewise make possible teaching and 
individual oversight. 

(1) Up through the Intermediate Department the classes are: 
formed on the basis of age. These classes are small in number, 
comprising generally seven to twelve pupils. 

(2) In the Young People’s and Adult Departments classes. 
are formed on the basis of congeniality. These classes naturally 
vary in numbers from small to very large. Schools numbering: 
four hundred to six hundred are large enough to have depart- 
ments with complete grading, viz., a class for each age and. 
sex, and should be organized somewhat as follows: 


Beginners’ Department 


Behe sl OV seen RAT Sake cia asp se nyelt ees a's se 6.09 0 San alos age 4 
pass -DOVa wand MG ll teers sen acldce lesa tes Sate. Wes 3% age 4 
ee OVE CAT GUTS eerie ds wa ssid > pas dasaewin ashe 4 age 5 
en taste 130 Vem aIVl BATE enn ie oole Salers ceca kdl als ds oo Es o's te age 5 
Primary Department 
iL, (CHES 9 RYO) 5 5 Nid SRI ig oie A OP ROR SeR IDI II uaIaIrecae ar age 6 
Do, (Clack (EM ~ or Gee std Soo Soa cee eons ones age 6 
B. (Claes |. “ala neha 6 RIG SOM RSE aoe Ain io ie eee age 7 
A. (Close Gun: 2 6.<etecdioeSb as eeieiicn. eee a eeCCe ean ae age 7 
PMS [te AON GMMR cox creticls foal clessisi suctevele: ojo oierol siete ee elouels @iclereis« age 8 
@ Gls IGne (Oe et oon Os UG CD CO bIer OC CRE Ie eer iee area age 8 
Junior Department 
il, (Clmes JBOhAP’ eins care nie tg Doreen ie CoCn aE yaar age 9 
MCR TAR SMC tials aisyals pasts tetas cc's 3 otteiers oe ¢ o.0ie ceo ae'as « age 9 
Bn SEIS I le ce ee eer age 10. 
i, (lees: GING: unten taal ercaipieo ote otc tae > anno ne ee age 10: 
MG SON SMM Give ciel Cts teres at oajeysie dhors sie or alonelereiGiave ee. age 11 
Cpie Gee) ie Grr mney res cy ees, ee aatels a aie doieleis ove tie sales. wes a% age 11 
TNC AEN Tere ae o's octets s SNe o's ve aes Fie e's a Ss age 12 
i (Olinsc=a=(Ciik: \ oh ds thao pede pod anpeOne ctac aks seater age 12° 
Intermediate Department 
SUNG a SV OMe nae no. cig sir vise Pe wb ac nls eins dar « age 13 
» (hese Cia 6 ces anndenocsS40e Goecas cBaRer’ Sa omaonann age 13. 
@.. (Clavecat Rene “e oas oben a5 oe ao ap Gay Ronn ete Oar o cee. age 14 
i, (Clovece <4 thE) oaks cay orto On O90 GoGo ED GeO ee Eat Oca age 14 
SE VR eee eae. aia hd wicualahe se lew re do dll 9,4 oad « age 15 
GL, (GROG EY (ahem cocan ao chtde 8c foo 4p ORSON OC So age 15. 


54 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


7. Class—— BOY. Saami ciereie cites arta tre a Aatnse ORAL Sie eT eee age 16 
8. Class—Girla Se Garret blasts. aise cre'chats 0a oe tly oats sheets age 16 
Young People’s Department 
1) Class=-Y oung, Menta seecss acictac: iio exerts ages 17-20 
2. Glass— Young. WOmenu er accor cori ce inner tie ages 17-20 
3° Class=Youne™ Ven Seancca tes rem aeicitcr oor ie ages 21-24 
4° Class—Y oung -Womien {520.0 ctu seue 1 Sates eee ages 21-24 
Adult Department 
Le. Class==Me6n 4, iccrs ch thet Ore en eee ages 25-35 
2° Class—W omen, Catia cet aaa tals iets oe mart Aerator ages 25-35 
3.. Class—Meni ** i avaa's Caterers tae les pa hore ake ee aoe ote ages 35 up 
4, Class=—W omenpeecerad teeta cee inic einer ages 35 up 


Church plans which illustrate the housing needed for a school 
with the organization outlined above may be found on pages 
148 and 157. 





Larger Sunday schools numbering upward of six hundred will, 
of course, increase the number of classes in each department. 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 55 


When the numbers seem to justify, the departments themselves 
may be subdivided as follows: 

Beginners A, age 4. 

Beginners B, age 5. 

Primary A, ages 6-714. 

Primary B, ages 744-8. 

Junior A, ages 9 and 10. 

Junior B, ages 11 and 12. 

Intermediate A, ages 13 and 14. 

Intermediate B, ages 15 and 16. 

Young People, ages 17-24. 

Adults, ages 25 and up. 

Church plans designed for this type of organization may be 
found on pages 113 and 116. If the numbers to be provided 
for are yet larger, each year through the Intermediate age may 
constitute a department in which case the organization will be 
somewhat as follows: 

Beginners A, age 4. 

Beginners B, age 5. 

Primary A, age 6. 

Primary B, age 7. 

Primary C, age 8. 

Junior A, age 9. 

Junior B, age 10. 

Junior C, age 11. 

Junior D, age 12. 

Intermediate A, age 13. 

Intermediate B, age 14. 

Intermediate C, age 15. 

Intermediate D, age 16. 

Young People, ages 17-24. 

Adult, ages 25 and up. 

On pages 140 to 143 we show a church plan which provides 
for this type of organization. 

General Assembly of the Sunday School. There will be 
occasions when it will seem desirable to assemble the whole 
school. In fully departmentized schools such assemblies will 
generally be desired only at rare intervals. The real work of 
instruction and the needed exercises of worship will be con- 
ducted in the departments from Sunday to Sunday. It may seem 
desirable to assemble the departments from the Juniors up in 


56 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


Primary 
: Department 





the main auditorium at the close of the Sunday-school hour and 
pass without a benediction into the morning service. What 
provision should be made for such general assemblies of the 
Sunday school as may be needed, whether such assemblies are 
to be held frequently, or on rare occasions? The obvious answer 
is, such assemblies should be held in the church auditorium. 
‘This answer has been given by practically all churches which 
have erected real departmental Sunday-school buildings. We 
offer some reasons: 

(1) It is an almost necessary measure of economy. Few 
churches can afford to provide adequately for the departments 
and at the same time provide a separate Sunday-school audi- 
torium. Few churches can afford to build two great auditoriums, 
one for preaching and one for the Sunday school, and at the 
same time provide adequately for the departments. 

(2) It is desirable to use the auditorium for Sunday-school _ 
assembly. A separate Sunday-school auditorium is not desirable. 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 57 


Even if churches could afford to provide two auditoriums, a 
special separate Sunday-school auditorium is not desirable when: 
the building is departmentally arranged. Such brief and occa- 
sional assemblies of the whole school as may be desired would. 
better be held in the main auditorium of the church. 

(3) Such use of the auditorium is justified by experience.. 
The difficulties which under past conditions have been felt re- 
garding disorder and irreverence when the Sunday school has. 
used the main auditorium for general assembly practically dis- 
appear when the school session is conducted departmentally. 
In this case the departments from the Junior up come from their: 
department rooms into the main auditorium for a brief season 
of worship, the main work of the school having been done in the- 
departments. 


OUTLINE FOR StTuDY 


The housing which the Sunday school needs is such as fits its 
organization 


Departments in the Sunday school 


1. Beginners, 4 and 5 

. Primaries, 6-8 

. Juniors, 9-12 

. Intermediates, 13-16 
. Young People, 17-24 
6. Adults, 25 and up 


Classes in the departments 


Or Be Ww bo 


1. Up through the Intermediate Department classes formed’ 
on the age basis 


2. In Young People’s and Adult Departments classes are- 
formed on basis of congeniality. 


General assembly in church auditorium 
1. It is a measure of economy 
2. It is in itself desirable 
3. It is justified by experience 


58 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


For Discussion 


Why the various departments in the Sunday school? 

Name the departments with their age limits. 

How may a closer grading be secured? 

On what basis are classes formed? 

Will departmental Sunday schools desire to hold general 
assembly each Sunday? Why? 

Give some reasons why the main auditorium should be used 
for the general assemblies of the Sunday school. 


VIII. 


HOW TO PLAN FOR THE DEPARTMENTS 


In all of the departments except the Beginners, in which 
an assembly room is regarded as sufficient, the provisions needed 
are, (1) an assembly room large enough to seat the entire 
department, (2) classrooms sufficient in number and size to meet 
the needs of the various classes in the department. 

In this chapter we discuss the department assembly room, 
leaving for the next chapter a detailed discussion of the class 
rooms. At this point it should be said that since our pupils must 
be accommodated both in department assembly and in class- 
rooms, it is necessary to provide about fourteen square feet 
of floor space for each pupil. About seven square feet per pupil 
should be allowed in the department assembly room and seven 
square feet in the classroom. 


Capacity and Interior Arrangement. 


(1) Seven or eight square feet per person. Usually an allow- 
ance of six or seven square feet per person in a small rectangular 
room is sufficient. It is, of course, advisable that extra space 
be allowed to prevent crowding and to provide for visitors and 
for special occasions. 

(2) Suitable proportions. Department rooms should be of 
suitable proportions for assembly program and worship. <A 
square room or a room whose breadth is to its length as four to 
five, makes a good department assembly room. 

(3) Ample wall space back of the superintendent. Assem- 
bly rooms should provide suitable background for the superin- 
tendent’s desk and the piano, and should offer wall space back 
of the superintendent for blackboard, maps, charts, and reports. 


[ 59 ] 


60 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


(4) Provisions for department supplies. Suitable provisions 
should be made for the department supplies, literature, and 
records. A special room may be provided, a closet may be used, 
or it may seem sufficient to provide a built-in cabinet. 

(5) Provisions for hats and wraps. Convenient hangers for 
hats and coats should be provided in a nearby corridor or, better, 
on the walls of the department assembly room. Some workers 
prefer that the pupils leave their hats and wraps in the class- 


rooms. 





Dougherty and Gardner, Architects. 


THE YOUNG PEOPLE’S DEPARTMENT, FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, 
KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE 


The large space under the auditorium is generally assigned to the Young 
People or to the Adults. The treatment of the partitions in this room with a 
view to securing needed light and ventilation offers some difficulty. In the 
accompanying picture, each room adjoining the assembly room is provided with 
a door and accordion windows. The entire partition is composed almost wholly 
of glass. In this way the problem of light and ventilation is solved. 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 61 


Architectural Treatment. 

(1) Sound-proof. Department assembly rooms should be 
enclosed with double-plastered walls in order that programs of 
song and worship may be conducted without one department’s 
disturbing another. Folding partitions should be avoided. A 
door opening between departments is objectionable; if such 
opening seems necessary, two doors should be installed so that 
an air chamber between the doors may deaden noises. Care 
must also be exercised to avoid noises where department rooms 
are over each other. 

















> Dougherty and Gardner, Architects. 
YOUNG PEOPLE’S DEPARTMENT, FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, 


KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE (Classrooms open on each side) 

(2) Light and ventilation. In all educational work, light and 
ventilation are matters of prime importance. 

(3) Adaptedness. The various department rooms should be 
carefully adapted to their special uses. The departments for 
the little children should have low ceilings, the windows should 
come down low toward the floor, the walls should have soft, 


62 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


restful tints and the whole arrangement should tend to create 
an air of comfort and welcome for little children. Department 
rooms for older pupils should be more formal. 


Entrances and Extts. 


The whole question of circulation will need to be carefully 
studied, since various groups of pupils must occupy adjacent 
spaces and their movement about the building must be un- 
hindered. In this connection we offer certain specific suggestions. 

(1) Direct entrances. Independent and direct entrances must, 
of course, be provided for the departments. It must never be 
necessary to pass through any other room in order to reach a 
department assembly room. 

(2) Entrances at the rear or at least at the side. It must 
be evident that late pupils or visitors entering the department 
assembly room facing the assembled group, will distract atten- 
tion and may seriously mar the success of the program. 

Intercommunication with the Main Auditorium. There should 
be ample and direct intercommunication between the various 
department rooms and the main auditorium. This is of special 
importance for the departments from the Junior up, since 
the pupils in these departments are expected to attend the 
preaching service and will be asked at least occasionally to 
come together for general assembly. For illustration of what 
is here meant the reader may examine any of the plans offered in 
this book. Take for example the plan offered on pages 87 to 91. 
Note that the young people will move toward the front of the 
building and will have two stairs for their exclusive use in reach- 
ing the auditorium; the large adult classes have two entrances 
to the auditorium for their exclusive use; the Juniors may move 
as a body direct into the balcony adjacent to them, as may also 
the Intermediates. The little children will rarely be. asked 
to come into the auditorium. Thus all the pupils from the 
Juniors up may re-assemble in the auditorium in the least pos- 
sible time. This arrangement stands in striking contrast to that 
which the author has seen in a certain city in which the entire 
Sunday school of twelve hundred must pass through one door in 
order to reach the auditorium. 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 63 


Proper Relative Dimensions. This is a matter of such 
vital importance that we set it apart for special discussion. 
What relative space shall we allow for the departments? On 
what basis shall this question be answered? Surely, it must 
not be a matter of guess or accident. It must not be left to the 
convenience of the architect as he faces the difficult problem 
of finding suitable space for each of the departments. But how 
is this matter to be determined? Its bearing on the usefulness 
of the building and the success of the departments must be at 
once apparent. If one department is accorded large space which 
it does not need and cannot use, while another department is 
handicapped by lack of needed space, the efficiency of the 
building and the pleasure which it will inspire may be sadly 
impaired. 

We propose the following schedule as indicating about the 
percentages of space which should be allowed for the departments 
under normal conditions. This schedule should be used as a 
suggestive rather than an absolute guide. Many churches, for ex- 
ample, will wish to make larger relative provisions for young 
people and adults. The Department of Administration, Baptist 
Sunday School Board, Nashville, Tennessee, suggests that the 
Young People’s department may well be allowed twenty-five 
per cent of the space and the Adult department fifty per cent. 





As CUMS OIL, 80 eons © oe eS re Bed oe cra Mejars fac boils o'ade 6 2% 
NURS 4s 2 Aaah te egg eS See, A a 2% 
eT OARCIARG CPOE Se enc A NESS SSG Bisco eis ieee 2% 
oar COME ot Pedic ao ie cue SUR ile Soe ee eas 6% 
RATS Es oS eS gy ne 9% 
APSR TRe 2 22. 0 RR ees Coole nnn hig A a a 12% 
BRE TING TIALS te. POL ME Peet ate oka ches SOELR x ic che 12% 
PL NES OD Le ei chage ates ed Apter Ghar Alte vik OYE etek 24% 
ENOCH, 2 Ai Si elo: ade eile Ps le to) 8G aa ae 31% 

100% 


Touching this matter of proper relative space for the de- 
partments, we venture the following observations: 


64 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


(1) We should plan for the number and the organization 
which may reasonably be expected during the time for which 
the building is to be erected. Presumably we are moving toward 
a larger and better day. The new building may be expected to 
serve for twenty-five years, fifty years, possibly a much longer 
time. 

(2) We should plan for the ideal housing of the ideal organi- 
zation. We may do well to forget the organization which we 
have. The numbers and the organization which we have at 
present may be the result of limitations which are now to be 
removed. The organization which we now have may have come 
of more or less chance conditions molded by varying personali- 
ties. In the new building we may have our first real oppor- 
tunity to approximate the ideal in attendance and in organi- 
zation. 

For example, it is possible that we have not been able to offer 
for our Intermediates the equipment and space needed for real 
departmental work and thus the numbers and apparent outlook 
for Intermediates may not seem to justify the providing of as 
much space for them as for the Juniors. But there will be 
practically the same number in the community of Intermediate 
age as of Junior age. Why not make proper relative provision 
for them in the new building and then go after them? Possibly 
we have never reached young people in any large numbers or it 
may be that we have never attracted adults. Shall we assume 
that in the days of the new building we will continue to fail at 
these points? If we have offered young people and adults no 
attractive closed-in classrooms, there can be little wonder that 
we have not been able to interest them in the Sunday school. 
Why not provide properly for them and take it for granted 
that we will be able to win them as other schools are doing in 
all parts of the land? 

(3) We should remember that there are well-tested and 
scientific methods of building the various departments of the 
Sunday school and that wherever there is a constituency there 
is the possibility of building the departments. 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 65 


OUTLINE FOR STUDY 


Capacity and interior arrangement 

1. Seven or eight square feet per person 

2. Suitable proportions 

3. Ample wall space back of superintendent 

4. Provisions for department supplies 

5. Provisions for hats and wraps 
Architectural treatment 

1. Sound-proof 

2. Light and ventilation 

3. Adaptedness 
Entrances and exits 

1. Direct entrances 

2. Entrances at the rear or side 
Intercommunication with the main auditorium 
Proper relative dimensions 
Location in the building 


For Discussion 


What are some requirements in department assembly rooms 
as regards capacity and interior arrangement? 

Tell something of the architectural treatment which should 
be accorded department assembly rooms. 

Say something as to entrances and exits. 

Why is intercommunication with the auditorium a matter of 
moment? 

Indicate the proper relative space which should be allowed 
for each of the departments in the Sunday school. 

What of the location of the departments in the church 
building? 


LS 


HOW TO PLAN FOR THE CLASSES 


Classrooms should be provided for all classes from the Pri- 
maries up. Classrooms are not advised for Beginners; large 
Beginners’ Departments may be divided, thus providing one room 
for children four years of age and one room for children five 
years of age. For illustration see drawing on page 114. 

Primary classrooms should be eight by ten feet in size. 
Junior and Intermediate classrooms should be eight by ten or ten 
by twelve feet in size. For reasons of economy some of the 
drawings offered in these pages show classrooms which are seven 
by nine feet. Intermediate classrooms for the more advanced 
years may well be slightly larger than those provided for lower 
grades. See drawing on page 67. Mr. C. C. Bulger, Dallas, 
Texas, has suggested, for the sake of economy, “The Small Ef- 
ficiency Class Room,” shown in the accompanying cut. In this 
room the dimensions should be five feet, six inches, by eleven 
feet and the seats and tables should be built-in. Classrooms for 
the Young People and Adults will, of course, be larger and may 
vary widely for different classes. 

Classrooms should be rectangular and they should be square 
or nearly square. 

All classrooms should be easily accessible from the de- 
partment rooms. The classrooms may open direct from the 
department assembly room, or they may be arranged on a hall 


[ 66 ] 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 67 


< 
B 


AYA 
Py Ai eo 


VI EYeOn 
SMALL 
EFFICIENCY 
CLASS ROOM. 


il 





a Ss 
ia Sine e Plve Pile Bele e 


which opens from the assembly room. The former arrange- 
ment may be seen in the drawing on page 94, while the latter 
may be seen in the drawing on page 130. 

Classrooms should provide suitable wall space for black- 
board, maps, charts, and other teaching material. 

Classrooms should have plastered walls and tight fitting 
doors. In order that certain large adjoining rooms may be 
used together for social purposes, we have occasionally shown 
movable partitions. ‘This, of course, is a compromise and is 
not advisable from the standpoint of class use. 

Classrooms should have outside exposure for light and ven- 
tilation. Art glass is generally to be avoided in rooms designed 
for teaching. 

The plans shown in these pages may well be studied for sug- 
gestions regarding assembly and class space for the several 
departments. It will be observed that in most of these plans, 
it is assumed that the Adult Department will use the main 
auditorium for assembly purposes. This reduces the expense, 
both of construction and equipment, and is thus frequently 
permissible. 


68 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


JUNIOR CLASS ROOM 
Central ME Church, 5. 
Richmond. Va. 





SUGGESTED SCHEDULES 


SCHOOL OF 600 
Pupils Sq. Ft. 


Mothers’ Room ........ 12 16868 eee one 1 Class Room 
NUPSEIIOTS Se cee hee 12 168 Dewches eee 1 Class Room 
Cradle Roll Class ...... 12 168 O52. dee eee 1 Class Room 
Ber inn ersiemeeree inten 36 504 1 Dept! Roomn.- cer ae 
Printarieg® See-cee aeoe eee 54 756 1 Dept. Room... 6 Class Rooms’ 
JUNIOLS ee eee eee 72 1008 1 Dept. Room... 8 Class Rooms 
Intermediates ......... 72 1008 1 Dept. Room... 8 Class Rooms 
Youngs People (2. visucwes 144 2016 1 Dept. Room... 4 Class Rooms 
Adults tomta. Se eae 186 2604 1 Dept. Room... 4 Class Rooms 


660 8,400 6 Dept. Rooms. .33 Class Rooms 


SCHOOL OF 900 
Pupils Sq. Ft. 


Mothers RiOome seen 18 ZOLDER Br crane ee 1 Class Room 
INTUITSer Vie Nee eters teres 18 202 Mam ee ele teie eae eee 1 Class Room 
Cradle Roll Class ...... 18 QD2Ie! 3.0, BS eee 1 Class Room 


Beginners: 2.2207 ae 54 756 1. Depts Roomssa eee 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 69 


LARIAT «walk enken Cerner 81 1134 1 Dept. Room... 9 Class Rooms 
J UNTOTS ame sere eles 108 1512 1 Dept. Room...12 Class Rooms 
Intermediates: .....:..: 108 1512 1 Dept. Room...12 Class Rooms 
Wann People vas. su oees 216 3024 1 Dept. Room... 6 Class Rooms 
J Ne sith toe aes ee, 279 3906 1 Dept. Room... 6 Class Rooms 





— — 


900 12600 6 Dept. Rooms..48 Class Rooms 


SCHOOL OF 1200 
Pupils Sq. Ft. 


Mothers’ Room ....... 24 BELO = ES tee ee eee 1 Class Room 
Late?) a Ob aly ee 24 SAO Mee See Beni te toa 1 Class Room 
Cradle Roll Class ..... 24 BBLGy | chit, Aan ae 1 Class Room 
TOG INUGES a cnt. Gee eo 72 1008 TEDeptr OOM, e ..a.see<es 
PETIAaTiGg ery taco os et 80 1512 1 Dept. Room...12 Class Rooms 
NONE Mee erent ean tetees ¢ 144 2016 1 Dept. Room...16 Class Rooms 
Intermediates ........ 144 2016 1 Dept. Room...16 Class Rooms 
Young People wa. fy. 2. 288 4032 1 Dept. Room... 8 Class Rooms 
UAL ESS Bs isis Bert t aa hie es 72 5208 1 Dept. Room... 8 Class Rooms 








1200 16800 6 Dept. Rooms. .63 Class Rooms 


When Sunday schools number twelve hundred or more it may 
seem desirable to divide the departments at least up through the 
Intermediate Department, somewhat as follows. For illustra- 
tive drawings see pages 113 through 117. 


SCHOOL OF 1200 
Pupils Sq. Ft. 


Mothers’ Room ....... 24 SOOM Rn chien trait 1 Class Room 
INES ae | Sag aS eee 24 DOO Mee NGO A haste 1 Class Room 
Cradle Roll Class ..... 24 Ra Cd ne eat co ae eee eee 1 Class Room 
Beginners A .......... 36 504 (Depts Roommate rae 
BCP UINETS EDs ea. § cs « 36 504 PDE DGR GON ie te ees: 
TIT ATICGm Aen... net. 54 756 1 Dept. Room... 6 Class Rooms 
Primaries, Bir... .+%.1s 54 756 1 Dept. Room... 6 Class Rooms 
ELDON EMA Ter re Ig ole Soa ns 72 1008 1 Dept. Room... 8 Class Rooms 
EMGGTs Pri BS a ae i2 1008 1 Dept. Room... 8 Class Rooms 
Intermediates A ....... 72 1008 1 Dept. Room... 8 Class Rooms 
Intermediates B ....... 72 1008 1 Dept. Room... 8 Class Rooms 
Young People’......... 288 4032 1 Dept. Room... 8 Class Rooms 
PUA Geer Ie 2 we ose. 0 fs 372 5208 1 Dept. Room... 8 Class Rooms 








1200 16800 10 Dept. Rooms. .63 Class Rooms 


70 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


OUTLINE FOR STUDY 


Classrooms should be provided for all classes from the Primaries 
up 
Primary classrooms should be eight by ten feet in size 
Junior and Intermediate classrooms should be eight by ten or ten 
by twelve feet in size 
Young People’s and Adult rooms should be larger and may vary 
widely for different classes 
Some suggestions regarding classrooms 
1. Should be rectangular and square or nearly so 
2. Should be easily accessible from the department room 
3. Should provide suitable wall space 
4. Should have plastered walls and tight fitting doors 
5. Should have outside exposure 
Suggestive schedules of space 
1. For school of six hundred 
2. For school of nine hundred 
3. For school of twelve hundred 
Large schools may divide the departments 


For Discussion 


Offer suggestions for the dimensions of classrooms in the 
various departments. 7 

Make an original drawing showing how classrooms may be 
properly related to the department rooms. 

What are some requirements of classrooms? 


»&. 


HOW TO PLAN FOR FELLOWSHIP AND SOCIAL 
MINISTRIES 


The church building must serve at least three great ends: 
It must provide for the preaching of the gospel. 
It must house the teaching service. 
It must offer accommodations for fellowship and social life. 

Two and three scores of years ago church houses were built al- 
most exclusively for preaching. Through long experience we have 
perfected our ideals as regards provision for the preaching ser- 
vice. These ideals have been clearly stated by many writers 
and have found expression in many buildings. Gradually we 
have wrought out clear and definite ideals for the building pro- 
visions needed by the modern Sunday school. These also have 
been fully stated and illustrated and they are being rapidly in- 
troduced into the planning of modern church buildings. 

The necessity of making some provision in the church house 
for social and fellowship functions has been long recognized, but 
as yet little effort has been made to state or to illustrate the 
underlying ideals which should guide us here. 


A Fair Balance Is Required. 


Provisions for preaching, for teaching, and for social life 
must receive proper relative emphasis. Are there buildings which 
seem to lend themselves almost exclusively to the preaching 
service? Possibly there are church buildings which come danger- 
ously near to being mere Sunday-school houses. As yet we have 
perhaps not developed buildings which overemphasize the social 
and play side. Certain it is that the ideal church building will 
offer a reasonable balance as between these three great lines of 


[71] 


72 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


service. No one of them can safely be neglected and no one of 
them must dominate the building. 





KITCHEN IN THE LAKE AVENUE BAPTIST CHURCH, ROCHESTER, 
NEW YORK 


Some General Suggestions. 


(1) As a measure of economy the same floor space must 
generally be used both for social purposes and for the Sunday 
school. There would seem to be no good reason why large class- 
rooms should not be used also as social rooms during week-days. 
Likewise a department assembly room with its adjoining class- 
rooms may well be used for large banquets, lectures, musicals, 
plays and similar entertainments. 

(2) For reasons which must be manifest the rooms provided 
and equipped for the smaller children should not be used for 
the social functions of the older people. The chairs and other 
furniture provided for little children cannot conveniently be 
used by adults. The decorations which are so dear to the ele- 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


~] 
ec 








feeves 
Thole 





BANQUET HALL (JUNIOR DEPARTMENT) IN THE TABERNACLE BAPTIST 
CHURCH, ATLANTA, GEORGIA 


mentary workers and their pupils must be protected. It will 
be observed that the kitchen in the drawings presented in these 
pages is usually located near to some large department room 
where banquets may be served and as close as possible to one 
or more large classrooms where smaller social gatherings may 
be accommodated. 

(3) Social programs ought to be departmentized. We saw 
recently the floor plans for a great church plant which is ex- 
pected to cost well on toward a million of dollars and which 
will certainly be an outstanding building in the whole country. 
In accordance with the best modern practice no space in the 
-plans was marked “parlor” or “social.” <A large kitchen was 
provided adjacent to the Adult Department with the idea that by 
the clearing of chairs any room or rooms in that department 


74 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


might readily be made available for a banquet or other social 
function. Kitchenettes were provided near each of the other 
departments with the evident intention of using the depart- 
ment rooms for serving, parties, and any other needed types of 
social life. 

We should no more provide one large room as the “Social 
room” than we should provide one large room and call it the 
“Sunday-school room.” We were doing that two or-three decades 





SOCIAL ROOMS, THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 


ago, but we have passed that day. There is as much reason for 
departmentizing the social life as for departmentizing the Sunday- 
school life. 


More and more provisions for social and play life will follow 
the sub-divisions of the Sunday school. Each department in the 
Sunday school will provide needed social and play functions for 
its members. The Beginners will have their own parties, the 
Primaries and Juniors will have their separate entertainments, 
the Intermediate Department and the Young People’s Depart- 
ment will each have distinct socials, while the Adults will de- 
velop in the department or in special classes the types of fel- 
lowship and social diversion which they may seem to require. 
In many churches this is an established custom. Some churches 
seek to have some kind of social “meet” for each department 
each month, or at least each quarter. 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 75 


Since we are to departmentize our social life and seek to 
adapt our efforts to the various groups represented by our de- 
partments, it follows that we do not so much need in our church 
buildings a large “social room.” The effort to secure this room 
has wrought havoc with many otherwise good church plans. 


Why departmentize social provisions? Some important con- 
siderations favor the departmentizing of the social and play life 
of the people, following the lines of the departments in the 
Sunday school. 

(a) This assures congenial groups which can be managed 
together in any type of entertainment and play which may be 
undertaken. 


(b) This assures numbers which can be successfully managed 
and enables the workers to determine in advance about what 
numbers should be provided for. 


(c) A motive is thus provided since the workers in a given 
department may utilize the social functions as a means of build- 
ing up their department and otherwise extending their ministries. 


(d) This arrangement has additional advantage in that the 
officers of the department constitute a group of workers equipped 
and trained to direct the social and play activities of the mem- 
bers of the department. 


Social and play life, rather than athletics, must generally be 
stressed. 

Simple programs which minister to social needs and which 
guide play instincts can be conducted by the workers in any 
church. No expensive equipment is needed. No technical train- 
ing is required for such leadership. 


It is, however, different in the case of athletics. Gymnasiums, 
swimming pools, bowling alleys, and all similar provisions are 
expensive both as regards initial cost and up-keep. A physical 
director is imperatively needed if these are to be really useful. 
Where it seems desirable to offer this athletic equipment a 
separate building should be provided. The propriety of placing 
the athletic equipment in a separate building and under a 
separate root must be apparent upon thoughtful consideration. 


76 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


OUTLINE FOR STUDY 


Must provide for: 
Preaching 
Teaching 
Fellowship 
A fair balance is required 
Some general suggestions: 
1. The same space may be used for social and play purposes 
and for the Sunday school 
2. Rooms for small children should not be used by older 
people for social purposes 
3. Social and play programs ought to be conducted depart- 
mentally 
a. This assures congenial groups 
b. Assures numbers which can be successfully menace 
c. A motive is thus provided 
d. Provides groups equipped and trained to direct the 
social activities 
Social and play life, rather than athletics, must generally be 
stressed 


For Discussion 


What is meant by the statement that a fair balance is re- 
quired? 

Why should the same floor space be used for various pur- 
poses? 

What is said as to older pupils’ using for social and play pur- 
poses the rooms equipped for little children? 

Why should social programs be departmentized? 

Why should the churches stress social and play ministries 
rather than athletics? 


Give some reasons for placing athletic equipment in a separate 
building and under a separate roof. 


XI. 


HOW TO PLAN ADMINISTRATION OFFICES 


Nothing reflects the multiplying of activities on the part of 
modern churches more clearly than the enlarged number of 
administration offices which are being provided in modern church 
buildings. In their effort to provide for all manner of service 

. to the community, the churches must not neglect to make pro- 
vision for their own administration needs. 

A list of possible administration rooms is suggestive. 





CHURCH OFFICE, THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 


A Pastor’s Study—This is the pastor’s private sanctum with 
his library, desk, etc. It should be provided with a cloak room 


and toilet. 
[77] 


78 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


A Pastor’s Office—Many churches are providing a study for 
the pastor’s exclusive use, and also an office in which the pastor 
may meet visitors and hold conferences. 

A Church Office, or Offices—These are for the associate 
pastor, the financial secretary, the church stenographer and other 
employed helpers. Many churches are now employing a corps 
of paid workers, for whom satisfactory office space must be 
provided. 


a 





CHURCH OFFICE, THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, NASHVILLE, 
TENNESSEE 


A Superintendent’s Office-—The superintendent of a large 
Sunday school, especially if he is regularly employed, ought by 
all means to have a suitable office. 

A Secretary’s Office—It may seem desirable to provide a 
special room for the Sunday-school secretary. Some churches 
provide, in addition to the office for the general secretary, an 
office for the secretary of each department in the Sunday school. 





HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 19 


Besides these general offices there are some other rooms which 
should have careful attention; among these we may name: 





DEACONS’ ROOM, LAKE AVENUE BAPTIST CHURCH, ROCHESTER, 
NEW YORK 


An Officers’ Room.—Just as banks provide a “Directors' 
Room,” so churches are providing a “Deacons’ Room,” or “Stew- 
ards’ Room,” or “Session Room,” for the various official meetings 
of the pastor and the church officers. 

A Choir Room.—This room should be ample in size and should 
provide lockers, or at least some kind of receptacles, for hats 
and wraps and for the safe keeping of musical supplies. It 
should, of course, be conveniently located with reference to the 
choir platform in the main auditorium. 

A Janitor’s Room—In modern church and Sunday-school 
work the janitor has come to be a most important factor. It is 
economy to make ample provision for the janitor. Some churches 
provide him comfortable living rooms, so that he may be always 
available for service. In many churches he must be a high- 
erade and intelligent man. An easily accessible and suitable 


80 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


room should be offered him, and ample provisions should be 
made for all storage needs. 


OUTLINE FOR STUDY 


Administration offices 
1. Pastor’s study 
2. Pastor’s office 
3. Church office, or offices 
4. A superintendent’s office 
5. A secretary’s office 
Other needed rooms 
1. An officer’s room 
2. A choir room 
3. A janitor’s room 


For Discussion 


Indicate some administration offices which should be pro- 
vided in large church buildings. 

Name some rooms of a more general nature which may be 
provided. 


Xt: 


HOW TO TEST YOUR PLAN 


We offer in this chapter a condensed statement of the pro- 
posals and suggestions presented in the preceding pages, in so far 
as these refer to the housing and equipment needed for the 
modern departmental Sunday school. This suggested equipment 
in its entirety is, of course, fully practicable only in larger build- 
ings which provide for five hundred or more in the Sunday school. 


General Assembly in Main Auditorium 


Departments, with Proportions of Space about as Follows: 


I RGA GES AERA oF ole Re pes Gear mane cee oe ee 2% 
IS KOUESET NS EER <5 Paes ST 8 Ce rg te 2 en Or 2% 
Craqiomnollm Glasser OUMia test eae see cisiale c,c wete ne 2% 
iT Sa FOLOTSVRCY es & Sia tees RNa a perenne os Se 6% 
(Tg NEAR ag Sean ML Oe cies Fai as ee 9% 
A SOPEWERNSE ~ Bie Pe cece cre RvB Ginn ORS CICS a RCE eo 12% 
Pe PIMCOIG LES ee rites vant eee Myce ets tel aie 5! aad te lle 12% 
Nein: 1USay ae Baga eens ie Bae oe eae 24% 
ERAS CES ie i ot Cacia Aad ee 31% 


Department Assembly Rooms 


(1) Entrances at rear or side 

(2) Intercommunication with auditorium, especially from 
the Juniors up ; 

(3) About seven square feet per person in assembly rooms 
(a total in assembly and classrooms of fourteen square 
feet per person) 

(4) Preferably square or in proportion of four to five 

(5) Suitable wall space back of superintendent 

(6) Provisions for department supplies 


[ 81] 


82 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


(7) Hangers for hats and wraps 
(8) Sound-proof; no movable partitions 
(9) At least one outside exposure 


Classrooms 


(1) For all classes from Primary up 

(2) About seven square feet per person in classrooms 

(3) Primary, Junior, and Intermediate rooms about eight by 
ten feet 

(4) Classrooms for Young People and Adults larger and vary- 
ing in size. All classrooms square or in the proportion 
of four to five 

(5) Easily accessible from assembly rooms 

(6) Sound-proof; preferably no movable partitions 

(7) Wall space for the teacher 

(8) Outside exposure 


= s 


ed 


Offices as May Seem to Be Needed 


Rest Rooms, two on each Floor 
Social and Play Rooms (used also for departments and classes) 


For Discussion 


Where should general assemblies of the Sunday school be 
held? Why? 

What are the departments in the Sunday school which should 
be provided for? 

Indicate the proportions of space which should be allowed 
for each of the departments of the Sunday school. 

Name a half dozen essentials in a department assembly room. 

Indicate a half dozen essentials in the matter of classrooms. 

What additional rooms may we wish to provide, besides as- 
sembly and classrooms? 


PART THREE—TYPICAL BUILDING 


XII. 


OSL: 


XV. 


XVI. 


XVII. 


DESIGNS 


Building Designs for Churches and Sunday Schools 
Numbering 1200 to 2000 

Building Designs for Churches and Sunday Schools 
Numbering 1200 to 2000—Continued. 

Building Designs for Churches and Sunday Schools 
Numbering 3000 to 5000 

Building Designs for Churches and Sunday Schools 
Numbering 500 to 1000 

Building Designs for Churches and Sunday Schools 
Numbering 100 to 400 





XITl. 


BUILDING DESIGNS FOR CHURCHES AND SUNDAY 
SCHOOLS NUMBERING 1000 TO 2000 


In this chapter and the next we offer a series of studies in 
church designs. A steady progress will be observed as we 
pass from one design to another and on through the series. It 
must be readily recognized that in designing these great buildings 
which combine in one structure an auditorium and an educa- 
tional building we face serious problems in the matter of light, 
ventilation, circulation, and relation. In the matter of rela- 
tion there is the question as to the ideal location of the Sunday 
school section as it stands related to the auditorium. Apart 
from tradition, if we might view the problem so, what is ideally 
the proper location for the Sunday-school section? Should it 
be at the rear, at the sides, or at the front of the auditorium? 
There are so many elements involved here that we may be long 
in finding a satisfactory answer. Any answer which we may find 
will certainly be held as tentative and subject to varying local 
conditions. Practical church and Sunday-school workers must 
study the problem with a view to providing such equipment 
and housing as will most efficiently, most economically, and most 
beautifully meet the needs as discovered by the practical workers. 
The problems are therefore both practical and architectural. 
Even more, we seek to find in these buildings a reflection or in- 
terpretation of Christianity itself. These buildings become the 
embodiment of Christianity, its physical expression, the vehicle 
through which it is to be set forward in its conquering progress. 
Viewed in the large the very destinies of Christianity may be 
measurably molded and determined by these buildings which 
we are devising for its housing and its futherance. In this 
chapter and in the next we offer a succession of designs which 
constitute some study of the questions which we have raised. 


[ 85 ] 


86 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


The simplest arrangement and the one most generally adopted 
is to place the Sunday-school section across the rear of the 
auditorium. This gives us a T-shaped building, the Sunday 
school forming the upper part of the T while the auditorium 
constitutes the stem. We offer first in the following pages a 
building of this type which for convenience we number 1201. 
Manifestly our problem here is to assure good light and ven- 
tilation for the interior part of the Sunday-school section, much 
of which is rather remote from outside exposure. 

In the next design (No. 1500) we have divided the Sunday- 
school section by a court. A glance at the drawings will readily 
reveal the extent to which the outside exposure has been increased 
and will show the consequent advantage gained as regards light 
and ventilation for the entire building. While something has been 
done in the interior placing of departments and classes to reduce 
the difficulty which may arise from the service of song as con- 
ducted in adjacent departments and to offer proper buffers for 
noises, it yet remains that we have two sections of an educational 
building side by side with only a narrow court between. Only 
time and experience can determine finally whether this arrange- 
ment offers serious difficulty. 

In order to obviate this possible difficulty we have devised 
other buildings which rather widely separate the wings which 
are to house the Sunday school. In the next design presented 
in this chapter (No. 1400) we have an octagon-shaped audi- 
torium which permits us to project the wings laterally without 
unduly extending them as might be necessary with a rectangular 
auditorium. 

Notre—The floor-plan and drawings shown in the pages which 
follow were prepared by the Architectural Department of the 
Baptist Sunday School Board. The perspectives and front eleva- 
tions are also by the Architectural Department except where other 
credit is indicated. 

















































































































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HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 87 
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(Perspective on page 91) 


88 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


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[102] 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 103 


For Discussion 


Study Plan No. 1201 in contrast with Plan No. 1500. 

Contrast the arrangements for Juniors and Intermediates 
in these two plans and show advantages in each of these 
arrangements, 

Assuming that these designs offer the same capacity at the 
same cost, which of them on the whole would you prefer? Why? 

Indicate the dimensions of the lot which would be required for 
Plan No. 1500. 

Assuming that Plan No. 1400 offers the same capacity and 
the same cubical content as Plan No. 1500, which of the plans 
would be more costly? Why? 

Why the court in the rear of Plan No. 1500? 

Assuming that Plan No. 1500 can be erected for $200,000.00, 
what will be the cost per pupil for housing the Sunday school? 


GAG 


BUILDING DESIGNS FOR CHURCHES AND SUNDAY 
SCHOOLS NUMBERING 1000 TO 2000—Continued. 


In the last chapter we presented plans which offer Sunday- 
school space at the rear of the auditorium. We now continue 
our studies in the problem of finding the ideal location of the 
Sunday school as it relates to the auditorium. 

In the first plan which we now present (No. 1506) we have 
drawn the wings away from the rear forward alongside of the 
auditorium, at the same time maintaining the rectangular form 
for the auditorium. In this plan we are able to offer entrances 
to the Sunday-school building which face directly the front 
street; we offer circulating halls on each side and thus relieve 
possible congestion in the connecting halls. We also offer a 
wide stretch of building for view from the main front street. 
We offer a building which because its outline is nearly square 
may be practicable for lots which are square or nearly so. 

In our next plan (No. 1205) we have moved the two wings 
from the rear and placed them on each side of the front section 
of the auditorium. This enables us to dispense with back stair- 
ways and stair halls as shown in the last design and permits two 
main stairways to serve both the Sunday-school section and the 
balcony of the auditorium. We are thus able to dispense with 
the wide back halls and are permitted to use the front vestibule 
as the circulating medium both for the Sunday school and for the 
preaching services. Moreover the hundreds who may wish to 
enter the auditorium after the Sunday-school session are per- 
mitted to enter, as most people would probably wish to do, 
through the great main doors of the auditorium, instead of having 
to enter alongside of the pulpit facing the assembling people. A 
further consideration which cannot fail to have weight is that all 


[ 104 ] 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 105 


confusion and congestion in the vicinity of the pulpit platform are 
avoided, thus assuring a quieter and more orderly assembling 
of the people in the sanctuary. It is felt that the unity of the 
family may be somewhat conserved in that the whole family may 
come together to the vestibule in front of the auditorium and 
from that point make its way to the various departments, 
later to meet again in the same vestibule and pass together into 
the auditorium. In the control of the building during the week 
days, it may seem to be of some advantage to have visitors of 
all kinds enter from the front portico in view of the church office. 

The next plan which we present (No. 1215) is similar to 
Plan No. 1205. We have brought the stair halls inside of the 
walls of the main auditorium and have thus reduced the width 
of the building in front. All of the special features mentioned 
as regards Plan No. 1205 holds as regards this design. Doors 
lead directly into the auditorium from the two side wings, of- 
fering easy intercommunication between the auditorium and the 
large rooms thus connected. This will make possible the con- 
venient use of these rooms for after-meetings in evangelism, for 
the reception of strangers and others on the part of the pastor 
and the officers of the church after the preaching services, and 
for other useful ends. 

In the matter of assembly rooms observe the gradation: the 
classroom in the left wing on the main floor will seat one hun- 
dred fifty-six; the room on the main floor, right wing, will seat 
three hundred; the Young People’s hall on the ground floor will 
seat three hundred eighty-seven; the main auditorium on the 
main floor will seat six hundred fifty; the full capacity of the 
auditorium is twelve hundred. ; 

For social functions, plays and entertainments, we have the 
large rooms in the wings on the main floor and the great banquet 
room offered in the Young People’s hall besides a goodly number 
of other rooms which might be pressed into service. 

At the risk of some repetition we sum up some advantages 
which seem to be offered in this type of building: 


106 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


The Sunday-school building is taken from the rear of the 
lot and placed on the main street with direct entrances from 
that street and from the side street if there is one. Thus large 
numbers have direct approach to the Sunday-school building 
instead of having to travel a considerable distance perhaps flank- 
ing the main auditorium. Thus also the educational section is 
permitted to add greater architectural impressiveness to the 
building. 

The entrances from the Sunday-school section of the build- 
ing are at the front and through the main great doors of the 
auditorium where they normally should be. Any arrangement 
such as is offered in the usual T-shaped building which provides 
entrances from the Sunday-school section to the auditorium on 
either side of the pulpit platform is almost sure to result in con- 
gestion and confusion in the vicinity of the preacher and the 
choir. When this was suggested to a pastor who ministers in 
such a building, he said quickly, “I know what that means; I 
spend the first fifteen minutes of my service every Sunday 
morning trying to secure quiet and a responsive atmosphere.” 
It is hoped that with the proposed arrangement which places the 
Sunday school on each side of the front of the auditorium and 
admits practically all of the people at the front, at least some- 
thing of the reverence and quiet so much to be desired in our 
auditoriums will be realized. 

The executive offices are thus located in the front of the 
building near the main street and are thus easily accessible, as 
they should be, to the general public. Moreover, the church 
office commands a sweeping view of the main entrance vestibule, 
thus enabling the occupant of that office to know who is enter- 
ing or leaving the building at all times in the day. This “con- 
trol” of the building, especially in down-town centers, may be 
a matter of very real moment. 

Some economies will be apparent to thoughtful observers; 
(1) One set of stairs is made to serve both for the Sunday-school 
sections and for the balcony. This enables us to eliminate the 
set of stairs usually provided especially for the Sunday-school 
section and may thus result in a saving of many thousands of 
dollars. (2) The front vestibules serve both the auditorium and 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 107 


the Sunday-school section; thus we are able to dispense with the 
spacious additional passages which might otherwise be needed 
at the other end of the building to serve the Sunday-school 
section. (3) The sides of the auditorium for a considerable dis- 
tance are covered by the Sunday-school wings thus reducing the 
usual expense of costly treatment required by the exposed sides 
of the auditorium. 


One would hardly wish to hazard a prophecy, but if we may 
judge from the manifest advantages offered by this general plan 
and by the readiness with which building committees have 
already adopted it, we may feel reasonably sure that this design 
at least in its essential features promises to command favorable 
consideration in the future. 

Plans No. 1409 and No. 1214 are designs in which the Sunday- 
school section is placed on one side of the auditorium. 


Plan No. 1207 offers an L-shaped Sunday-school section in 
the rear of the auditorium. . This particular arrangement grew 
out of a narrow lot facing on three streets, two main streets 
connected by a less important street. 


Plan No. 1505 offers a spacious court which insures ample 
light and ventilation for the auditorium and the Sunday-school 
section. 


With these last named plans we offer only the perspective view 
and the main floor plan. 


Wide variations are possible in these suggested designs.—- 
Any of the designs offered in the preceding pages may be 
developed on either larger or smaller lines. Any of them may 
be arranged to accommodate numbers ranging from 600 up to 
almost any desired number. In any of these plans the relative 
numbers provided for in the Sunday-school section and in the 
main auditorium may be indefinitely readjusted. The architec- 
tural type may be developed along any of the traditional lines. 
We have adopted as a standard for these studies the Classic type. 
The designs may be developed in the Gothic, the Romanesque, 
the Spanish, or any other desired style of architecture. 








































































































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138 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


For Discussion 


Which of the Plans offered in this chapter and the last pro- 
vides most nearly the ideal location for the Sunday school? 
Why? 

Which of these Plans would in your judgment offer the most 
beautiful and impressive building? Why? 

Under what condition would Plan 1207 be an especially 
suitable design? 

What lot space would be required for Plan 1215? Indicate 
some advantages and some possible disadvantages in this plan. 

Contrast Plan 1409 with Plan 1214; which of these plans 
would on the whole be preferable? Why? 


XY. 


BUILDING DESIGNS FOR CHURCH AND SUNDAY 
SCHOOLS NUMBERING 3000 to 5000 


We present in this chapter drawings which suggest methods 
of housing very large numbers in the Sunday school. 

Many forward-looking pastors are now using the Sunday 
school as a chief agency for the building of the local church. 
In justification of this method of building the church we may 
name the following considerations: 

The Sunday school offers a complete organization. 

The Sunday school offers the sanest and the most fruitful 
agency for evangelism the world has ever known. 

The Sunday school provides the widest possible field for en- 
listment. 

The Sunday school must be largely depended on for the culti- 
~ vation and maintenance of Bible study. 

The Sunday school has proved a most effective means for 
securing attendance at the preaching services. 

The Sunday school offers the widest opportunity for practical 
ministries. 

Because the Sunday school makes contributions along these 
various vital lines, the Sunday school has come to be regarded 
as a prime factor in the building of churches. 

We present first a plan which offers housing for a church 
and Sunday school numbering 3000. Second, we offer a proposed 
enlargement of this plan which will accommodate a Sunday 
school of 5000; in this latter case we present only the floor given 
to Intermediates, which offers four assembly rooms and seventy- 
_two class rooms. The floor above for Juniors would be a dupli- 
cate of this floor. The two floors below would be arranged very 
much as in Plan 3000, only on an enlarged scale. 


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THE FIRST METHODIST CHURCH, DALLAS, TEXAS 


Architects 


Hunt Company, 


EH: 


The R. 


146 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 


For Discussion 


Name some considerations which may seem to justify the 
use of the Sunday school as a chief agency in the building of a 
local church. 

Tell something of very large church and Sunday-school build- 
ings which may have come under your observation. 

Are large churches likely to be less efficient in their varied 
ministries than small churches? 

Criticize Plan No. 3000 as a plant for housing a church and 
its Sunday school. 


XVI 


BUILDING DESIGNS FOR CHURCHES AND SUNDAY 
SCHOOLS NUMBERING 500 TO 1000 


We present in this chapter designs which range in capacity 
from 500 to 1000. Recognizing the necessity for the utmost 
economy which so often exists in planning these buildings, we 
have sought in some of these designs to offer large results at 
reasonable cost. For example, we have contented ourselves 
with one large main stairway instead of the two usually shown 
leading up through the Sunday-school section of the building. 
This one stairway is made large enough in each case to meet 
all the demands which may be made upon it. In the larger 
buildings, small stairways are provided on each side of the 
pulpit platform in the auditorium and these will supplement the 
one large stairway provided in the Sunday-school section. Be- 
sides this we have practised careful economies in the arrange- 
ment and allotment of space for the departments. 

Plan No. 506 represents an effort to secure provision for a 
fully graded and departmentized Sunday school within the least 
possible space. 

Plan No. 603 offers exceptionally large provisions at a mini- 
mum of cost. Alternate developments in the Gothic and the 
Classic type are offered for this plan. 

Plan No. 606 houses smaller numbers than Plan No. 603, 
but offers more nearly ideal provisions. 

Plan No. 910 offers a court which under certain conditions 
may seem desirable. Here we offer a pastor’s home which in 
architectural type blends with the church building and thus 
_ offers a complete church plant. 


[ 147 ] 


148 HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 















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CHURCH BUILDINGS 


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PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR THE 
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162 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 































































































































































































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HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 163 






















































































































































































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[164] 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 165 
For Discussion 


Observe in the plans offered in this chapter three types of 
front treatment; (1) No. 506 offers a main front entrance with 
side steps leading up to the portico; (2) No. 603 offers side steps 
leading up to vestibules; (3) No. 606 offers main front steps 
which lead directly to a central vestibule. Indicate the advan- 
tages and disadvantages of these various treatments. Which of 
them offers the best ventilation and light for the ground floor? 

Note that the Young People’s Assembly Room in Plan 506 
is placed at one side, while in Plans 603 and 606 this assembly 
room is placed in the center. Which of these arrangements is 
best? Why? 

The elementary departments in these plans are placed on the 
ground floor. Why? 

Which of the buildings shown in this chapter offers the largest 
Sunday-school capacity in proportion to its cubical content? 

Is there any one of the designs presented in this chapter 
which fails to offer an adequate number of rest rooms? 

Which of these plans provides most adequately for social and 
play functions? 

Does any plan offered in this chapter fail to offer adequate 
provision for any department of the Sunday school? 

If we assume a lot seventy-five by one hundred twenty-five 
feet, which of these designs could be built on such a lot? 


XVII. 


BUILDING DESIGNS FOR CHURCHES AND SUNDAY 
SCHOOLS NUMBERING 100 TO 400 


It is not practicable in the type of buildings which we now 
consider to offer the full grading which is provided in all of 
the larger buildings which have been presented in the preceding 
pages. Many of the proposals which have been made and 
illustrated in the preceding pages are impracticable in these 
smaller buildings. We offer designs which may be suggestive. 

In Plan No. 51 we offer a small inexpensive design which 
offers a very real advance from the one-room building. Five 
Sunday-school rooms are provided, three of which open into 
the auditorium and supplement its seating capacity. It will be 
observed that Plan No. 100 represents a slight enlargement of 
Plan No. 51. This latter design offers a larger number of 
rooms and furnishes an enlarged capacity throughout. 

Plan No. 101 offers a still further advance and may offer bal- 
anced provisions for a growing country or village church. The 
building may be erected with or without the cupola which is 
shown in the perspective. 

Plan No. 102 represents a still further advance and will, of 
course, offer housing for a much larger congregation than the 
plans mentioned above. Like other plans presented in this 
chapter, it may be built of wood, brick, stone or other available 
material. 

The two plans next offered, No. 304 and No. 404, are much 
larger; they offer rather complete housing for churches and 
Sunday schools numbering three hundred to five hundred. 


{[ 166 ] 





















*PRIMARY: 
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THE BAPTIST CHURCH, COURTLAND, ALABAMA 
Plan No. 51 







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THE BAPTIST CHURCH, COURTLAND, ALABAMA 
Plan No. 51 


Designed by the Architectural Department, 
Baptist Sunday School Board 


[168] 













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Adele ZA 


7ora/-100 








cwencir wo: (100) 
- ARCHITECTURAL: DEPARTMENT - 
Cee eo UNDA: OOHOOL-DOARD - 


- NASHVILLE: TENN - 
WELLINGTON J‘H:-WALLACE-ARCHT 





P-E-BURROUGHS- ARCH SEC: 





THE BAPTIST CHURCH, HULBERT, ARKANSAS 
Plan No. 100 


































































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Ct ect / | CBRE 
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ri teeete| Ed} Dd a ee a 
Bos) Sembee! | 
Hl = = See ll 
a meu iz CAdGit| cEASS) Od ee ir 
& 28 x | seats 112 |= en sae 
, i mes Total]s ats 355a5 6 2 
IK] ORT S | Z9'c' fe s5t0" | 2 Ceren 
I) Peo e | RUNES bs A) MRIs Oe 91 
HH eH ee ee 
BSEGCBnRS =) EEA 
see $$$ | p> 
VE STeBULE Beak 
T' kite” YOUNG WOMEN 


I foe s| yey] Ee 
noaae| 


CHURCH —e AL Pod SCHOOL: 

- SCHEDULE 7 JGOHEDUME. 
Avorror/om ZZ BEGINNERS L5 
CHOJR : L5 PRIMARY 8 
SIDE ROOMS 96 JUNTOR. 24 
REAR ROOMS 48 INTERMEDIATE 21 
EXTRA CHAIRS 6fF YOUNG PEOPLE 30 
Java AogL7s 45 
JOTAL L550 

Cele MnCY Owns pals AS Nie 


. Scale ——a——'? - Feet. 












Creer we ol) 
- ARCHITECTURAL: DEPARTMENT - 
- BAPTIST: SUNDAY-> SCHOOL: BOARD- 


-NASHVILLE - TENN: 
P-E- BurRoOuGHS-ARCH: SEC - WELLINGTON J-H-WALLAGE-ARCHT 





THE BAPTIST CHURCH, MARMADUKE, ARKANSAS 
Plan No. 101 





THE BAPTIST CHURCH, MARMADUKE, ARK. 
Plan No. 101 


Designed by the Architectural Department, 
Baptist Sunday School Board 


[171] 


172 


HOW TO PLAN 





-~ PRIMARY - 


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CHURCH BUILDINGS 





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CHURCH ais CTT TTT Te SUNDAY SCHOOL 
- SCHEDULE - ; A Tn - SCHEDULE - 
AUDITORIUM SEZ | BECINNERS 
CHOVR PLATFORM = [£& Hl f PRIMARY 
SIDE ROOMS S12 SONSOR 
REAR ROOMS 49 SNTERMEDSATEL. 
GALLERT 4 YOUNG PLOPLE 
FATRA CHAIRS 78 ADULTS 
Joraz 470 JO7AL - 
> FIRST-FLIOOR- PLAN - 
Scare PF eer 


THE BAPTIST CHURCH, 


SPARTA, NORTH CAROLINA 


Plan No. 102 
(Perspective on page 174) 








HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 173 


























UPPER PART OF 
© FR NEED) ISU OPE CLOT IE 


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YOUNG: P Tihs a pew 








geet ER ist POOR] PLAN - 


SCALE eget eT Feer 


THE BAPTIST CHURCH, SPARTA, NORTH CAROLINA 
Plan No. 102 


pavog [ooyog Aepung ysiydeq ‘quauysedaq [BinjoozyIyoIy 94} AQ pausisog 
GOT “ON ued 
VNITOUVO HLYON ‘VLUVdS ‘HOUNHO LSILdva AHL 


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[174] 











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CLASS 
ROOM ‘BEGINNERS 


18g ya 18:0" « 74°6" 
lll 40:0 x jbio Oo «x G ll 





































































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—_—_—_——— 
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—— -AUDITIORIUM - 1 
ee es = ele peer 
bail Searls Zoo MARE | & 
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Tt VoLst tT x 35 4 425 0" | ol leit Ty 
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AUOlITORLOM. Z00 BLGINNE RS 18 
CHO/R LS i NE SR | PRIMARI 3o 
SIPE ROOMS 12 rl | al SOUNIOR AZ 
GALLERY 54 I : a ere Key INTERMEDIATE 42 
EXTRA CHAIRS 692 r YOUNG PEOPLE GO 
Sorat M50 BAOULTI 26 










JOTAL 





300 


Sates for ORs PLAN - croxcr we (504) 
SCALE. ‘et—tot—pat2——+'° Feet 3 


- ARCHITECTURAL: DEPARTMENT - 
* BAPTIST SUNDAY: SCHOOL: DOARD > 


- NASHVILLE + TENN 
WELLINGTON: J-H- WALLACE: ARCHT 
































P- E-DurRROUGHS- ene SEC 





THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, LEWISBURG, TENNESSEE 
Plan No. 304 
(Picture of the building on page 178) 
























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PRIMARY DEPT 
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* GROUND: FLOOR-PLAN - CHURCH wo (604) 
atte ——+'° Feer 


ScALe 


- ARCHITECTURAL: DEPARTMENT - 
DAP TL ee SUNDAT : SCHOOL: BOARD - 


NASHVILLE - TENN - 
P-E-DuRROUGHS:- ARCH SEC - WELLINGTON -J-H WALLACE: ARCHT 














THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, LEWISBURG, TENNESSEE 
Plan No. 304 





























UPPER PART OF 
r AUDITIORIUM: 
2 
ae l lll 



































| “YTOUNG:-P one “DEPT - 

















44 case [gy Se sza 
HL 7OUNG WOMENS | YOUNG - MENS - HHI 
iss : Leta 

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ScALE ‘? Feer 
croncr wo BoA) 


- ARCHITECTURAL: DEPARTMENT - 
TAP Lod UNDA aD GHOOL: DOARD- 


- NASHVILLE- TENN - 
PE. BDurroucHs ARCH SEC: WELLING'ON:J-H WALLACE: ARCHT 



















THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, LEWISBURG, TENNESSEE 
Plan No. 304 





‘pikog [ooyog Avpung ysydegq “quoutyredaq [eanqooqyiyory ey} Aq pousiseg 
FOS “ON Ure 
AASSANNGL ‘DUNASIMAT “HOUNHO LSILAVA LSU AHL 








[178] 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 179 












PASTORS -STUD 
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——— 


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PPI MARY: DEPT: 


23-6276 




































































































- SINDAY- SCHOOL: fi — 
= — ~ ieee pact Rela age 
Foe geen Chorr 20 
cedS/e Lo 1 O—t- = Sa geal Lotes Porlor 55 
Jeginners 25 fw A TDI TOLIUM —= Beloony 72 
tie, ; 40 | cs Fatra Chairs 8 
Frmery en 2 tle age Total 500 
Ypiermetases 5 3H z 
vee? People 150 iy - 
Adults iso, —————— —— 
Tore 485 | LC —— == Snes 





























MLADIES -PARLOR 
-OR- CLASS « 


















- PORTICO: 


= 







































-AUDITORIUM- TLOOR:PLAN: 
Scar a ee Ee 


THE BAPTIST CHURCH, BRYANT, VIRGINIA 
Plan No. 404 
(Perspective on page 182) 


180 








HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 




































































+ _756- OVERALL - | 
oodles =i —_| li ot as 
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Py SociaL-Roome OL] Seed pests. 
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PLO pL 
+ IP Wee eae 
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Jofeerm + PASSAGE ae — 
ae = i. — a 
rBOILER-RM | 








IS-0415-6 


























-“GROUND-TLOOR- PLAN = 
rater ee! 


Po ters - 


° 
Scare ee 


THE BAPTIST CHURCH, BRYANT, VIRGINIA 


Plan No. 404 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 




















































UNIOR¢- I NTERMEDIAT 








=—DIPT= 
PS 735 





we ene Pa 110 Lee 


























PEPPLLPART 01 


-AUDITORIIM: 





























+ DALCONY°*TLOOR>: PLAN ° 


Scare: Sect? tret - 


THE BAPTIST CHURCH, BRYANT, VIRGINIA 


Plan No. 404 


181 





Tooysg Aepung ysijdegq “queutjstedeg [eanqzoozIyoIy 24} Aq pousiseqd 
vOr “ON Urid 
VINIOUIA “LNVAUE ‘HOUNHO LSILdVA AHL 


paeog 























[182] 


HOW TO PLAN CHURCH BUILDINGS 183 


For Discussion 


Show how Plans No. 51 and No. 100 offer suggestions for the 
remodeling of one-room buildings. Show how Plan 101 might 
be built in units. 

Show how the auditorium in Plan No. 102 can receive light 
and ventilation when its various folding doors are closed. 

Contrast Plans No. 304 and No. 404, as regards: (1) cost; 


(2) appearance; (3) practical provisions for church and Sunday- 
school ministries. 


<7 


























Date Due 





























APR 27 1949 














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